Question 1

Gabe is a 17-year-old high school student who is nearing the end of his junior year. His parents have been asking him about what colleges he may want to attend, but he has done nothing to gather information about the various options. He knows he wants to go to college, but hasn't sent away for any brochures or done any online research. Gabe is currently experiencing which of Marcia's identity statuses?

Accepted Answer

Gabe is currently experiencing identity diffusion, which is characterized by a lack of exploration and commitment to any particular identity. He has not actively engaged in the process of considering college options, indicating a lack of exploration, and has not made any commitments about his desired college or major, indicating a lack of commitment.

Question 2

Every year, a local community has a "Greek Food Festival," which includes cuisines, music and dance performances, and art from Greece. This year, 16-year-old Stavros has decided that he is going to go along with some of his friends, as he has recently started taking an interest in his ethnic heritage. He is in the ________ phase of achieving an ethnic identity.

Accepted Answer

Stavros is in the second phase of achieving an ethnic identity, which is exploration. He is actively seeking out experiences and knowledge related to his Greek heritage by attending the Greek Food Festival. This phase often occurs during adolescence, as individuals begin to develop a more complex understanding of their identity.

Question 3

The third phase of ethnic identity achievement involves

Accepted Answer

The third phase of ethnic identity achievement involves creating a distinct ethnic self-concept, which means developing a positive and clear sense of one's ethnic identity. This phase follows the exploration and questioning of one's heritage, and rejecting or deciding not to explore one's ethnic roots does not lead to the creation of a distinct ethnic self-concept.

Question 4

P.J. is in 10ᵗʰ grade, and has some incredible skill at ballet. He has been dancing since he was young, invites his friends and his girlfriend to all of his performances, and has expressed to his parents that this is what he wants to do for his future. His parents, though supportive of dance as a hobby, have told him, "If you want to dance for fun in college that is up to you, but you are going to study law or medicine so that you can support yourself." They have not really given him a choice, and P.J. has accepted their decision even though it makes him unhappy. According to Marcia, P.J. is currently experiencing

Accepted Answer

P.J. is experiencing identity foreclosure, which means that he has prematurely committed to an identity without exploring other options. His parents have made the decision for him to pursue a certain career path without giving him the opportunity to explore other options or determine his own interests and abilities.

Question 5

In the very popular movie "Bend It Like Beckham," the main character, Jesminder, is constantly urged by her mother to learn how to make aloo gobi, which is a vegetable and potato dish that is native to their Indian background. At the start of the movie Jess is uninterested in this task, but partway through she seems to take an interest in being taught this ethnic skill. When she finally learns to make the meal, she is demonstrating the ________ phase of ethnic identity achievement.

Accepted Answer

The second phase of ethnic identity achievement involves exploring and learning about one's ethnic culture, which Jess demonstrates by taking an interest in learning to make aloo gobi.

Question 6

Which best describes the thought process underlying adolescent egocentrism?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which best describes the thought process underlying...

Question 7

"Overwhelmed" is to identity ________ as "completed" is to identity ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Overwhelmed" is to identity ________ as "completed"...

Question 8

When Tanya comes home from the 10ᵗʰ grade dance in tears, she runs right to her room and slams the door. When her mother knocks to ask her what is wrong, she yells, "I can't believe he broke up with me at a dance! I don't want to talk about it. Nobody could EVER understand how I feel right now!" Tanya's belief that her experience is unique and that nobody has ever experienced a similarly painful break-up demonstrates

Accepted Answer

Tanya's belief that her experience is unique and that nobody else could understand her feelings is an example of the personal fable, which is a component of adolescent egocentrism where individuals believe their experiences and emotions are unique and special.

Question 9

Which parents are most likely to raise a teenager with high achievement status?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that parents who encourage autonomy in their children are most likely to raise teenagers with high achievement status. This is because these parents support their children's decision-making skills and encourage them to take ownership of their achievements, which fosters a sense of confidence and motivation in the child. On the other hand, parents who discourage experimentation or enforce unjustified rules may limit their child's potential for achievement, while those who encourage conformity may inadvertently discourage independent thinking and creative problem-solving skills.

Question 10

What type of reasoning skills, usually developed during the formal-operational stage of Piaget's theory, are needed for an adolescent to experiment with different selves to learn more about possible identities?

Accepted Answer

Hypothetical reasoning skills are necessary for an adolescent to experiment with different selves and consider different possible identities. This involves the ability to think abstractly, consider different hypothetical situations, and reason logically about the potential outcomes. Deductive reasoning skills involve applying general principles to specific situations, while intuitive reasoning skills involve relying on gut instincts and prior knowledge. Expansive reasoning skills are not a recognized type of reasoning in Piaget's theory.

Question 11

Abby is 16, and Andy is 5. Both exhibit egocentrism. How is this egocentrism MOST LIKELY to differ between them?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, egocentrism is a prevalent feature of the preoperational stage (ages 2-7) when children struggle to see the world from other people's perspectives. However, as children reach the concrete operational stage (ages 7-12), they develop the ability to take other people's viewpoints into account. Therefore, it is more likely that Abby, who is 16, has reached this stage and knows that others have different perspectives than her own, whereas Andy, who is only 5, is still in the preoperational stage and may exhibit the illusion of vulnerability or more self-interest.

Question 12

Before Nayla was born, her parents immigrated to the United States from their home country of Saudi Arabia. She has been raised in the USA, and has never taken a large interest in her family's cultural background. Phinney (1989) would suggest that Nayla is in the ________ phase of achieving an ethnic identity.

Accepted Answer

Phinney (1989) describes the first phase of ethnic identity development as the unexamined ethnic identity phase, where individuals have not yet explored or taken a significant interest in their ethnic background.

Question 13

According to Phinney (1989), achieving an ethnic identity occurs in ____ phase(s) for young people who are members of specific ethnic groups.

Accepted Answer

Phinney (1989) proposed that achieving an ethnic identity occurs in three phases: unexamined ethnic identity, ethnic identity search/moratorium, and ethnic identity achievement.

Question 14

According to ________, adolescents face a crisis between identity and role confusion. They must balance the desire to try out different selves with the need to select a single self.

Accepted Answer

This is a concept from Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which states that during adolescence, individuals must navigate the balance between experimentation with different identities and finding a stable sense of self.

Question 15

Myfanwe's parents were born and raised in Wales, but she was raised in the United States. During a college interview, she is asked to discuss the importance of her ethnic background. If she were to state, "I see myself as a combination of influences from Wales and America," it would indicate that she was in the ________ phase of ethnic identity achievement.

Accepted Answer

According to the Phinney's model of ethnic identity development, the third stage is the exploration phase, in which individuals explore their cultural roots and begin to understand how their heritage influences their identity. Myfanwe's statement suggests that she has explored her Welsh and American roots, and has synthesized them into a unique identity that incorporates both. This indicates that she is in the third, exploration stage of ethnic identity development.

Question 16

According to your textbook, roughly ________ of the adolescents and young adults living in the United States are members of one of several ethnic minority groups.

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, roughly one-third of the adolescents and young adults living in the United States are members of one of several ethnic minority groups.

Question 17

When parents set rules with little justification and enforce them without explanation, children are more likely to remain in the identity ________ status. These teens are prevented from experimenting with different selves, and simply do what they are told to do.

Accepted Answer

Foreclosure is the identity status where adolescents adopt the values and beliefs of their parents without question or exploration of alternate perspectives. When parents set rules without justification and enforce them without explanation, children are more likely to remain in this identity foreclosure status because they are not given the opportunity to explore and experiment with different selves.

Question 18

Patrick wakes up one morning before high school to find that he has developed an enormous pimple right on the end of his nose. All throughout the day he is absolutely sure that everyone is staring at the blemish, when in reality almost nobody cares enough about it to even look. Patrick's certainty that he is the focus of others' attention demonstrates ________.

Accepted Answer

Patrick's belief that everyone is staring at his pimple is an example of the imaginary audience, a concept from adolescence where individuals believe that they are constantly being watched and judged by others. This is a common cognitive distortion during the teenage years, where individuals may overestimate the importance of their own appearance or behavior to others. It is not related to identity moratorium, adolescent arrogance, or limited centration.

Question 19

When parents encourage discussion with their kids and recognize their children's ________, the children are more likely to reach identity achievement because they have experienced the personal experimentation that leads to identity.

Accepted Answer

Autonomy refers to the ability to make decisions and act independently. When parents encourage discussion and recognize their children's autonomy, they are allowing them to explore their own interests and values, which can lead to a more developed sense of identity. Vulnerability and egocentrism are not necessarily positive factors for identity development, and while freedom can be important, it is not the most relevant choice in this context.

Question 20

Which of the following phenomena do you think BEST explains why so many teenagers who engage in sexual intercourse choose not to use contraception?

Accepted Answer

The illusion of invulnerability refers to the belief that one is immune to negative consequences, such as pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections. This belief is common among teenagers and can lead to a lack of concern for using contraception.

Quiz 9: Moving Into the Adult Social World: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence