Question 1

Martin and Ruble propose that gender stereotyping can be described as involving three phases, the last of which reflects children

Accepted Answer

In the third phase of gender stereotyping, children become more flexible in their understanding of gender-related activities, moving away from rigid stereotypes.

Question 2

Which of the following is not true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not true?
...

Question 3

Until about what age do children believe that wearing the clothes of the opposite sex or engaging in opposite-sex activities changes the individual, at least temporarily, into a member of that sex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Until about what age do children believe...

Question 4

Most researchers view gender identity primarily as a

Accepted Answer

Most researchers view gender identity primarily as a cognitive phenomenon, meaning that it is influenced by an individual's thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions about their gender, as well as social and cultural factors. While biological and environmental factors may also play a role in gender identity, they are not considered to be the primary determinants.

Question 5

Boys typically show greater ability in

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that boys tend to perform better than girls on tests of spatial ability.

Question 6

Research indicates that beliefs about the constancy of gender are not fully established until

Accepted Answer

Research shows that beliefs about the constancy of gender, which include understanding that one's gender is stable over time and across situations, are typically not fully established until middle childhood.

Question 7

Which of the following is generally not true for physical development?

Accepted Answer

Research generally shows that girls have better fine motor coordination and flexibility than boys, especially during early childhood. The other options can vary based on individual differences and are not always true for all children.

Question 8

Egan and Perry defined gender identity as involving all of the following dimensions except

Accepted Answer

The dimensions of gender identity as defined by Egan and Perry include knowledge of membership in a gender category, felt compatibility with one's gender group, and attitudes toward gender groups. The only dimension not included in their definition is the absence of pressure for gender conformity.

Question 9

Which of the following is typical of the 18 to 20 month period for early gender development?

Accepted Answer

During the 18 to 20 month period, children typically develop the ability to associate verbal labels, such as "lady" and "man", with appropriate faces or images of males and females. Discrimination between voices and faces usually occurs earlier, around 6 to 12 months of age, and identification of pictures of boys and girls may occur later, around 24 to 30 months of age.

Question 10

The theory that the development of gender is based on children's developing understanding of gender schemas is

Accepted Answer

Gender schema theory proposes that children's development of gender identity is based on their developing understanding of gender schemas, or cognitive structures that organize information and shape people's perceptions and behaviors related to gender. This theory suggests that children actively seek out information about gender and use this information to shape their own gender identity.

Question 11

Which of the following is generally not true for socioemotional development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is generally not...

Question 12

Which of the following refers to the knowledge that gender remains stable over time?

Accepted Answer

Gender stability refers to the understanding that one's gender remains the same over time. Gender identity refers to the individual's sense of their own gender, while gender consistency refers to the understanding that gender remains the same across situations. Gender ambiguity refers to situations where it is unclear or difficult to determine an individual's gender.

Question 13

Research suggest that early toy preference is influenced more by ____ than by cognitive factors.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that early toy preferences are more strongly influenced by biological factors, such as innate interests and predispositions, than by cognitive factors.

Question 14

Which of the following refers to the idea that children realize that gender remains stable independent of changes in physical appearance?

Accepted Answer

Gender constancy refers to the realization or understanding that gender remains stable independent of changes in physical appearance. Children who have attained gender constancy understand that even if a boy were to wear a dress or a girl were to cut her hair short, they would still be a boy and girl respectively.

Question 15

Studies report that the rate of language acquisition is faster for girls than for boys and advantages in favor of females have been found in all of the following language areas except

Accepted Answer

Studies generally show that girls tend to have an advantage over boys in various language areas such as vocabulary, verbal comprehension, and essay writing. However, there is no clear evidence to suggest that girls have an advantage over boys in making analogies, which is more related to reasoning skills than to language acquisition.

Question 16

Slaby and Frey identified three substages of gender constancy that include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Slaby and Frey identified three substages of gender constancy, which include gender identity, gender stability, and gender consistency. Gender ambiguity is not a substage of gender constancy, but rather refers to a lack of clarity or uncertainty about one's own gender identity or the gender roles and expectations associated with one's biological sex.

Question 17

Parental investment theory holds that males have more to lose in making mating choices than females do.

Accepted Answer

Parental investment theory holds that females have more to lose in making mating choices because they typically invest more time, energy, and resources into offspring production and rearing. Males, on the other hand, can potentially mate with multiple partners and produce many offspring without facing the same costs and risks.

Question 18

The theory that the development of gender identity follows a similar course as described by Piaget's theory of cognitive development is

Accepted Answer

Gender development theory proposes that gender identity develops through a series of stages, similar to Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 19

According to French anthropologist van Gennep, puberty rites of passage include all of the following three phases except

Accepted Answer

Van Gennep's model of rites of passage includes three phases: separation, transition (or liminality), and incorporation. The model does not specifically mention "a leaving behind of old social relationships" as a distinct phase. Instead, the separation phase implies leaving behind previous roles and statuses, which may include social relationships, but it is not highlighted as a separate phase.

Question 20

Variants of whose social cognitive/ social learning theory (have been influential in explaining how children acquire the knowledge and behaviors of their same-sex gender, as well as explaining some patterns of sex differences?

Accepted Answer

Bandura's social cognitive/ social learning theory emphasizes the role of observation, imitation, and reinforcement in shaping children's gender roles and behaviors. It has been influential in explaining how children acquire the knowledge and behaviors of their same-sex gender, as well as explaining some patterns of sex differences.

Quiz 15: The Development of Sexuality and Gender Identity