Question 1

A bleeding stroke is also called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A bleeding stroke is also known as a hemorrhagic stroke, which occurs when a blood vessel ruptures and causes bleeding in the brain. Ischemic stroke, on the other hand, occurs when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel in the brain. Brain bleed stroke and Alzheimer's stroke are not recognized medical terms.

Question 2

Impaired ability to plan or organize daily activities, engage in abstract thinking, or understand the sequence of events, such as maneuvering driving turns to get to and from the grocery store, are examples of

Accepted Answer

The impaired ability to plan or organize daily activities and engage in abstract thinking are symptoms of executive functioning deficits. Apraxia refers to the inability to execute coordinated movements, agnosia refers to difficulty recognizing familiar objects or people, and aphasia refers to language impairments.

Question 3

Characteristics of what diagnosis have symptoms that include acute onset, fluctuating course, impaired level of consciousness, inattention and poor memory, usually visual hallucinations, and fleeting and fragmented delusions?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms listed are all characteristic of delirium. Acute onset, fluctuating course, impaired level of consciousness, inattention and poor memory, visual hallucinations, and fleeting and fragmented delusions are all symptoms commonly seen in delirium. Dementia typically has a more gradual onset and does not typically involve hallucinations or delusions. Depression often presents with a sad or low mood, lack of interest in activities, and changes in sleep or appetite. Schizophrenia involves disorganized thinking, delusions, hallucinations, and other symptoms that are different from those seen in delirium.

Question 4

Dementia due to Pick's disease has deterioration mainly in the brain lobes, and the onset is generally when compared to Alzheimer's disease.

Accepted Answer

Pick's disease primarily affects the frontal and temporal lobes, resulting in earlier onset symptoms compared to Alzheimer's disease.

Question 5

Dementia occurs in % of those with Parkinson's disease.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 30% of individuals with Parkinson's disease develop dementia.

Question 6

Dan was visiting his folks for Christmas and having a grand time.Suddenly, in the middle of singing a Christmas carol, his dad seemed to change abruptly.His speech started slurring, and he lost control of the right side of his body.He seemed very confused, although this came and went, and at some moments he seemed completely alert and aware.After some testing at the emergency room, Dan and his mom were informed that his dad had

Accepted Answer

The sudden onset of slurred speech and loss of control of one side of the body indicate a potential stroke. Confusion and fluctuation in awareness can also be symptoms of a stroke. Alzheimer's disease and Pick's disease are degenerative neurological disorders that do not typically present with sudden onset symptoms. Korsakoff's syndrome is a type of dementia caused by a deficiency in thiamine (Vitamin B1) commonly seen in alcoholics, but it would not explain the sudden onset of symptoms in this case.

Question 7

Michael J.Fox is an example of a person with disease that did not progress to dementia.

Accepted Answer

Michael J. Fox was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1991, but has not developed dementia associated with the disease.

Question 8

If a person has partial or fragmentary deficits with dementia, it is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Partial or fragmentary deficits in dementia refer to the patchy distribution of deficits, meaning that specific cognitive functions may be impacted while others remain intact. This is a common feature in many types of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia. The other answer choices are not accurate terms referring to this phenomenon in dementia.

Question 9

Impaired ability to use or comprehend spoken language, as when a person has difficulty speaking or cannot understand what is being said to him, is

Accepted Answer

Aphasia is defined as an acquired language disorder that affects a person's ability to use or comprehend spoken or written language. It is commonly caused by damage to the language centers of the brain, which can result from a stroke, traumatic brain injury, or other neurological condition. Apraxia and agnosia are also language-related disorders, but they refer specifically to difficulty with movement and recognition, respectively. Executive functioning deficit refers to difficulties with cognitive processes such as planning, organizing, and decision-making, and is not directly related to language.

Question 10

People with Parkinson's disease show less of the classic characteristics of dementia found in people with Alzheimer's disease.

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease primarily affects the subcortical structures of the brain, while Alzheimer's disease primarily affects the cortical structures. Therefore, people with Parkinson's disease may show less of the classic characteristics of dementia found in people with Alzheimer's disease because their cortical structures are less affected.

Question 11

People with vascular dementia often experience

Accepted Answer

Vascular dementia is characterized by a history of stroke, faster onset of symptoms, stepwise deterioration, focal neurological signs, and patchy distribution of deficits, making all the options correct.

Question 12

A form of dementia caused by problems with blood vessels that supply the brain with oxygen and other nutrients is

Accepted Answer

Vascular dementia is a form of dementia that occurs due to problems with blood vessels that supply the brain with oxygen and other nutrients. It is caused by damage to the blood vessels, often due to conditions like stroke or high blood pressure. It is also known as multi-infarct dementia or post-stroke dementia.

Question 13

People with Parkinson's disease often display dementia, meaning their primary cognitive problems include slowed thinking and difficulty using newly acquired knowledge and retrieving information from memory.

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease primarily affects the subcortical regions of the brain, including the basal ganglia and substantia nigra. Therefore, the cognitive problems associated with Parkinson's disease are also considered subcortical, rather than cortical (A and C) or specific to the frontal cortex (D).

Question 14

What diagnosis has symptoms that include insidious onset, often progressive course that is not usually reversible, clear consciousness until late stages, poor memory, possible visual or auditory hallucinations, and often fixed paranoid delusions?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described suggest a diagnosis of dementia, which is typically characterized by insidious onset and progressive course that is not usually reversible. The patient usually remains conscious until late stages and experiences poor memory, possible hallucinations, and paranoid delusions. Delirium is typically characterized by acute onset, fluctuating course, and reversible cognitive impairment. Depression is characterized by low mood, feelings of hopelessness, and loss of interest. Schizophrenia is characterized by symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and lack of motivation. However, the clear consciousness until late stages and memory loss suggest a diagnosis of dementia over schizophrenia.

Question 15

Impaired ability to recognize people for common objects, as when a person fails to recognize loved ones or basic items such as a spoon, is

Accepted Answer

This symptoms described is agnosia, which is a condition in which a person is unable to recognize or identify objects or people despite having intact senses.

Question 16

A progressive neurological disorder marked by abnormal movements such as rigidity, bradykinesia, hypokinesia, and hypomimia, as well as significant cognitive changes, is

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by abnormal movements such as rigidity, bradykinesia, hypokinesia, and hypomimia, as well as significant cognitive changes. Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia that primarily affects memory and thinking skills. Pick's disease is a rare type of dementia that primarily affects personality and behavior. Amnestic disorder is a type of cognitive disorder that primarily affects memory.

Question 17

Blood clots that block a key artery to the brain produce a(n) stroke.

Accepted Answer

Blood clots that block a key artery to the brain cause an ischemic stroke.

Question 18

As Alzheimer's disease progresses, which area will likely show changes last of all?

Accepted Answer

Personality is the last area to show changes in Alzheimer's disease.

Question 19

A dementia extremely similar to Alzheimer's disease that includes most of the key features but may also include visual and auditory hallucinations, muscle tremors, and a more fluctuating course of symptoms is

Accepted Answer

The description matches Lewy body disease, which is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies (accumulations of protein) in the brain. The symptoms of Lewy body disease overlap with those of Alzheimer's disease, but also include visual and auditory hallucinations, muscle tremors, and a more fluctuating course of symptoms.

Question 20

A common form of dementia caused by a stroke is called

Accepted Answer

Vascular dementia is a type of dementia caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, usually due to a stroke or a series of mini-strokes. Senile dementia and Korsakoff's syndrome are forms of dementia caused by long-term alcohol abuse, while Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder.

Quiz 14: Cognitive Disorders