Question 1

Why did Lillian Gilbreth publish The Psychology of Management using only her initials,L.M.,rather than her full name?

Accepted Answer

During the time when Lillian Gilbreth published her book, it was widely believed that women were not suited for managerial roles, and it was uncommon for women to write about management. Her publisher feared that readers would not take the book seriously if they knew it was written by a woman, so they convinced her to use only her initials on the cover.

Question 2

What were the three foci of Leta Stetter Hollingsworth's work?

Accepted Answer

Leta Stetter Hollingsworth's work focused on three main areas: clinical psychology, the psychology of women, and professionalization. She was one of the first psychologists to specialize in the psychological treatment of children, and she contributed significantly to the development of intelligence testing. She was also a strong advocate for the professionalization of psychology, and she worked to establish ethical guidelines and standards of practice for the field. Additionally, Hollingsworth was a pioneer in the study of the psychology of women, and her research in this area served as a foundation for later feminist psychology.

Question 3

While Münsterberg embraced a relatively strict form of Taylorism,Lillian Gilbreth took a more __________ view.

Accepted Answer

Lillian Gilbreth is known for her emphasis on the human aspect of work and promoting the idea of increasing efficiency while taking into consideration the needs and well-being of workers. This approach is more closely aligned with humanism than with a strict analytical or dynamic view.

Question 4

Which study demonstrated that physical and economic factors alone are insufficient to explain workplace productivity,and that psychological and social factors also needed to be taken into consideration?

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne Studies, conducted by Elton Mayo and his colleagues, demonstrated that physical and economic factors alone are insufficient to explain workplace productivity, and that psychological and social factors also need to be taken into consideration. The study found that changes in work conditions, such as lighting and rest breaks, did not have a significant impact on productivity, but that worker engagement and social relationships did. This led to the development of the human relations approach to management.

Question 5

__________'s life story was the basis for the popular book and movie Cheaper by the Dozen.

Accepted Answer

Lillian Gilbreth was the mother of twelve children, and her family's life inspired the book and movie Cheaper by the Dozen. Gilbreth was a pioneering industrial engineer and efficiency expert, and she also wrote several books on parenting and household management.

Question 6

The comic book superheroine Wonder Woman was created by psychologist __________ who modeled Wonder Woman's arch-nemesis,Dr.Psycho,on his former teacher __________.

Accepted Answer

William Marston was the psychologist who created Wonder Woman and modeled her arch-nemesis Dr. Psycho on his former teacher, the psychologist Hugo Münsterberg.

Question 7

The Gilbreths' motion studies were used to

Accepted Answer

The Gilbreths' motion studies were aimed at making work more efficient and comfortable for the worker by breaking tasks down into smaller, more efficient motions. Their focus was on improving the conditions and experience of workers, rather than promoting the field of scientific management or creating tests for personnel selection. While their studies may have been informative for research on psychotechnics, this was not their primary purpose.

Question 8

Who argued that social science could understand the psychological factors that lead to labor strikes and thus help control them?

Accepted Answer

Elton Mayo is known for his work in the Hawthorne Studies, which explored the psychological aspects of work environments. His research suggested that understanding the social and psychological factors affecting workers could lead to better management practices, including addressing the causes of labor strikes.

Question 9

What are "therbligs"?

Accepted Answer

Therbligs refer to the eighteen independent motions of the hand, which are used to analyze work processes and increase efficiency in industrial engineering.

Question 10

Gilbreth Inc.consulted in all of the following areas EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Gilbreth Inc. was known for its work in areas like sanitary napkin packaging, kitchen engineering, and military consulting, but not specifically in toothbrush engineering.

Question 11

Which two psychologists were employed by Macy's department store?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which two psychologists were employed by Macy's...

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true about the Hawthorne studies?

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne studies found that wage incentives did have an effect on worker productivity, which was unexpected at the time.

Question 13

Marion Almira Bills spend the majority of her career working at the Aetna Life Insurance Company where she conducted pioneering research on the factors affecting

Accepted Answer

Marion Almira Bills conducted pioneering research on job permanency while working at Aetna Life Insurance Company, focusing on factors that influenced employee retention and stability.

Question 14

Whose approach to scientific management aimed not only to make work more efficient,but also individually rewarding for workers?

Accepted Answer

The Gilbreths focused on improving efficiency and also emphasized the human element, aiming to make work more rewarding for workers, unlike Taylor's approach which was more mechanical.

Question 15

Who thought that workers should be able to critique a workplace's methods of operation and suggested that they might share in the profits produced through increases in efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Lillian Gilbreth believed in the importance of considering workers' perspectives and advocated for their involvement in improving workplace efficiency, including sharing in the profits from such improvements.

Question 16

Who is often referred to as the mother of industrial psychology?

Accepted Answer

Lillian Gilbreth is often referred to as the mother of industrial psychology due to her pioneering work in applying psychology to time and motion studies, thereby improving workplace efficiency and productivity.

Question 17

Prior to the work of Elton Mayo and his colleagues at Hawthorne Works,studies had already been conducted on the effects of __________ on worker productivity.

Accepted Answer

The studies conducted prior to Mayo's work at Hawthorne Works focused on changes in lighting levels and their effects on worker productivity. These studies were known as the Illumination Experiments and were conducted between 1924 and 1927 at the Western Electric Company's Hawthorne Works facility. The studies found that changes in lighting levels had a positive effect on worker productivity, even when the lighting was decreased to levels that were too low for work to be performed. This led to the conclusion that factors other than physical working conditions were having an impact on worker productivity.

Question 18

The impact,on either performance or behavior,of being aware that you are a participant in a study is known as

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne effect is the impact on either performance or behavior that occurs when individuals are aware that they are participating in a study. It is named after a series of studies conducted in the 1920s and 1930s at the Hawthorne Works factory in Illinois, where workers' productivity was found to increase simply as a result of being studied, regardless of their work conditions or changes made to their work environment.

Question 19

The following quotation-"The tradition emanating from the mystic and romantic novelists,that woman is a mysterious being,half hysteric,half angel,has found its way into scientific writing.Through the centuries gone those who wrote were men,and since the phenomenon of periodicity was foreign to them,they not unnaturally seized upon it as a probable source of the alleged 'mystery' and 'caprice' of womankind"-represents whose views?

Accepted Answer

The quote represents Leta Stetter Hollingworth's assessment of scientists' belief in functional periodicity and their tendency to view women as mysterious and unpredictable due to their supposed "hysteria" and the phenomenon of their menstrual cycle. Hollingworth was a psychologist and scholar who challenged these beliefs and conducted extensive research on women's physiology and psychology.

Question 20

Who described their effort to make work more efficient as the "quest for the one best way" to get a task done?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who described their effort to make work...

Quiz 16: Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace