Question 1

Which of the following psychologists wrote an influential book on animal behavior, titled The Animal Mind , and was also the first woman to be awarded a Ph.D. in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Margaret Washburn wrote "The Animal Mind" and was the first woman to be awarded a Ph.D. in psychology, making significant contributions to the field of comparative psychology.

Question 2

Inez Beverly Prosser is best known

Accepted Answer

Inez Beverly Prosser is recognized as the first African-American female to earn a Ph.D. in psychology in 1933, marking a significant milestone in the history of psychology and breaking barriers for African-Americans and women in academia.

Question 3

You frequently visit a particular website because it offers free streaming videos. Your psychology professor explains that you are not only rewarded by the pleasure of watching interesting videos each time you go to the site, but you also expect to find free videos at the site. This explanation best fits which psychological viewpoint?

Accepted Answer

The explanation fits cognitive behaviorism because it involves both the reward of watching videos (behaviorism) and the expectation of finding free videos (cognitive), indicating how thoughts and behaviors are interconnected.

Question 4

In 1886, the first American psychology textbook was written by

Accepted Answer

John Dewey is credited with writing the first American psychology textbook in 1886, marking a significant contribution to the field of psychology in the United States.

Question 5

A rat frequently visits a particular location in a maze because it offers access to food. A radical behaviorist would say that the rat visits this location because it is rewarded by the pleasure of eating each time that it goes there. A cognitive behaviorist would add that, in addition, the rat

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behaviorists emphasize the importance of mental processes and the role of expectations in guiding behavior. In this case, they would argue that the rat's repeated visits to the location are not just about the immediate pleasure of eating but also about the rat's expectation or anticipation of finding food there based on past experiences.

Question 6

The concept of self-actualization was developed by which theorist and is a key feature of which school of thought in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization is a concept developed by Abraham Maslow and is a key feature of humanistic psychology. Maslow's hierarchy of needs culminates in self-actualization, which represents the realization of an individual's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes Maslow's concept of self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's concept of self-actualization refers to the realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities, especially considered as a drive or need present in everyone. It is the highest level on Maslow's hierarchy of needs and represents the need to develop one's potential fully.

Question 8

The process of fully developing one's personal potential and becoming the best person one can become is known as

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization refers to the realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities, especially considered as a drive or need present in everyone. It is often seen as the pinnacle of the development of the self.

Question 9

Humanists seek to understand

Accepted Answer

Humanists focus on understanding how individuals perceive themselves and experience the world, emphasizing personal growth and self-actualization.

Question 10

In 1883, the first psychology lab in the United States was founded at

Accepted Answer

The first psychology lab in the United States was founded at Johns Hopkins University in 1883 by G. Stanley Hall.

Question 11

Which of the following psychologists became the first African-American man to earn a doctoral degree in psychology in 1920, was chair of the Psychology Department at Howard University, and wrote articles critical of the under-representation of African Americans in American colleges and universities ?

Accepted Answer

Francis Cecil Sumner is recognized as the first African-American man to earn a doctoral degree in psychology in 1920. He was also the chair of the Psychology Department at Howard University and wrote critically about the lack of representation of African Americans in higher education.

Question 12

Margaret Washburn is best known

Accepted Answer

Margaret Washburn was the first woman to be awarded a Ph.D. in psychology in 1894, and she is well-known for her work in comparative psychology, including her influential book "The Animal Mind," which focused on animal behavior.

Question 13

You see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. She talks to you about the goals you have for yourself, about your image of yourself, and about the choices that you can make in your life so that you can realize your potential. This psychologist would probably belong to which school of thought in psychology?

Accepted Answer

The psychologist's focus on goals, self-image, and personal choice aligns with the humanistic school of thought in psychology, which emphasizes personal growth, self-actualization, and the concept of free will.

Question 14

The psychological view that combines thinking (and the expectation of the reward)with learning theory is known as

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behaviorism combines the principles of behavioral psychology, which focuses on the study of observable behaviors, with cognitive psychology, which emphasizes the importance of mental processes such as thinking and reasoning. This approach acknowledges that our thoughts and expectations about rewards can influence our learning and behavior.

Question 15

Dr. Grindel uses objective observation to study how perception and language affect our problem-solving behavior. Dr. Grindel's area of research is most likely __________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology focuses on understanding mental processes such as perception, memory, language, and problem-solving. Dr. Grindel's research on how perception and language influence problem-solving behavior aligns with the interests of cognitive psychology.

Question 16

Francis Cecil Sumner is best known

Accepted Answer

Francis Cecil Sumner is recognized as the first African-American man to earn a doctoral degree in psychology in 1920. He later became the chair of the Psychology Department at Howard University, contributing significantly to the field of psychology and paving the way for future African-American psychologists.

Question 17

By the late 1950s, which of the following took form as the branch of scientific psychology that sought to explain how covert mental processes, such as thinking, feeling, problem solving, perception, and the use of language, influence our behavior?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology emerged in the late 1950s as the branch of psychology focused on understanding internal mental processes such as thinking, memory, problem-solving, and language, and how they influence behavior.

Question 18

Which of the following psychologists became the first African-American female to be awarded a Ph.D. in 1933 and was one of the early leaders in the debate about how to best educate African-American children?

Accepted Answer

Inez Beverly Prosser is recognized as the first African-American female to earn a Ph.D. in psychology in 1933. She made significant contributions to the field of educational psychology, particularly in the area of education for African-American children, advocating for their access to quality education and addressing the psychological impacts of segregation.

Question 19

Eventually, behaviorism became less radical as it embraced a view that combined conditioning and cognition (thinking)to explain the behavior of animals. This less radical view of behaviorism is called

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behaviorism integrates principles of conditioning with cognitive processes to understand behavior, reflecting the less radical shift in behaviorism by acknowledging the role of mental processes.

Question 20

Like cognitive behaviorism, cognitive psychology relies primarily upon

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology, like cognitive behaviorism, emphasizes the importance of objective observation in understanding mental processes. This approach focuses on studying thoughts, memories, and problem-solving processes through experiments and empirical research, rather than introspection or analyzing conscious vs. unconscious forces.

Quiz 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science