Question 1

Peter, who belongs to the "preppie" clique at the high school, is seen talking to a couple members of the "gothic" clique. Several members of his "preppie" group explain to Peter why he should not be seen talking to "those other people." If Peter adheres to the expectations of his clique, he will be exhibiting

Accepted Answer

Group prejudice occurs when members of a group collectively hold negative attitudes or biases towards members of another group, which is demonstrated by the "preppie" clique's disapproval of Peter talking to the "gothic" clique.

Question 2

"Obedience and respect for authority are the most important virtues children should learn" and "Nobody ever learns anything really important except through suffering" are statements that would most likely be found on the

Accepted Answer

These statements reflect authoritarian attitudes, which the F-scale is designed to measure. The F-scale, or fascism scale, was developed to identify authoritarian personality characteristics.

Question 3

Which of the following researchers described the characteristics of the authoritarian personality?

Accepted Answer

Theodore Adorno is known for describing the characteristics of the authoritarian personality, particularly in the work "The Authoritarian Personality" published in 1950, which aimed to understand the personality traits that made individuals susceptible to following authoritarian regimes.

Question 4

If you show a negative attitude toward members of another group only because your friends or coworkers expect you to think about this group as they do, you are exhibiting

Accepted Answer

This behavior is an example of group prejudice, where negative attitudes or biases are adopted based on the expectations or norms within a social group, rather than personal beliefs or direct experiences.

Question 5

While studying anti-Semitism, Adorno and colleagues found that

Accepted Answer

Adorno and his colleagues, in their work on the authoritarian personality, found that individuals who were prejudiced against one group were often prejudiced against other groups as well. This finding suggested that prejudice was not necessarily about the specific group targeted but was more broadly related to an individual's personality structure.

Question 6

The authoritarian personality tends to highly value social conformity, a characteristic referred to as __________ authoritarianism.

Accepted Answer

The term "right-wing authoritarianism" is used to describe a personality type that highly values social conformity, traditional norms, and submission to authority figures, distinguishing it from other forms of authoritarianism.

Question 7

Ben is very social conforming, tends to oversimplify issues into "totally right or totally wrong" sides. With his children, he is overly strict, expecting complete obedience from them, while at work he always seems to be concerned with who "has the power." Ben would be described as having a(n)__________ personality.

Accepted Answer

Ben's behavior aligns with characteristics of an authoritarian personality, which includes a strong adherence to conventional norms, a tendency to categorize things in black and white, strict discipline, and a preoccupation with power dynamics.

Question 8

Some researchers believe that prejudice can be traced to a general personality pattern known as the __________ personality.

Accepted Answer

The authoritarian personality is a concept in psychology that suggests that some people have a personality that is more inclined to hold prejudiced views and favor obedience to authority. This theory was developed to understand the roots of prejudice and discrimination, particularly in the context of the aftermath of World War II.

Question 9

Right-wing authoritarianism describes the tendency of some people to highly value

Accepted Answer

Right-wing authoritarianism is characterized by a strong emphasis on social conformity, adherence to societal norms, and submission to authority figures.

Question 10

People who tend to value social conformity, oversimplify issues as totally right or totally wrong, and consider their own ethnic group and themselves superior to others are said to have a(n)__________ personality.

Accepted Answer

The authoritarian personality is characterized by a tendency to value social conformity, oversimplify issues into black-and-white categories, and hold oneself and one's ethnic group as superior to others.

Question 11

Glenda not only believes that her ethnic group is superior to all others, but that she is superior to anyone who is different from her in any way. Glenda is exhibiting a(n)__________ orientation.

Accepted Answer

Glenda's belief in the superiority of her ethnic group and herself over others aligns with the concept of social dominance, which involves hierarchies and the belief that one's group is superior to others.

Question 12

The F-scale is used to measure qualities related to

Accepted Answer

The F-scale (Fascism scale) is used to measure authoritarian personality traits, which include conventionalism, authoritarian submission, and authoritarian aggression, among others.

Question 13

Qualities known to be characteristic of the authoritarian personality are measured by the

Accepted Answer

The F-scale (F for fascist) is a scale developed by Theodor Adorno and others to measure the authoritarian personality.

Question 14

The belief that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others and the tendency to use one's own culture as a standard by which to judge other cultures is called

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to others, and it involves judging other cultures by the standards and values of one's own culture.

Question 15

People who think their ethnic, national, or religious group is superior to others would be described as

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism is the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture. It often involves judging other cultures by one's own cultural standards.

Question 16

A collection of personal attitudes and values marked by rigidity, inhibition, prejudice, oversimplification, and ethnocentrism describes the __________ personality.

Accepted Answer

The authoritarian personality is characterized by a rigid adherence to conventional values, a high degree of submission to authorities, and a general hostility to those who are different or hold different views. This personality type is often associated with prejudice, ethnocentrism, and an inability to tolerate ambiguity.

Question 17

Common sources of prejudice include

Accepted Answer

All of these options are recognized sources of prejudice. Adherence to group norms can foster prejudice when those norms include negative views of out-groups. Authoritarianism, a personality trait characterized by a strict adherence to conventional values and a belief in absolute obedience or submission to authority, has been linked to higher levels of prejudice. Unfortunate personal experiences with members of a particular group can also lead to generalized negative attitudes and beliefs about that group, contributing to prejudice.

Question 18

Which of the following researchers started out by studying anti-Semitism and, in the process, found that people who are prejudiced against one group tend to be prejudiced against all out-groups?

Accepted Answer

Theodore Adorno is known for his work on the authoritarian personality, which started out by studying anti-Semitism and found that people who are prejudiced against one group tend to be prejudiced against all out-groups.

Question 19

Authoritarians who think they are superior to everyone who is different, not just other ethnic groups, have been described as possessing a(n)__________ orientation.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with a social dominance orientation believe in a hierarchy where some groups are inherently superior to others, and they seek to maintain their own group's dominance across various social and ethnic lines, not just within specific ethnic contexts.

Question 20

Prejudice that occurs due to an adherence to group norms is called

Accepted Answer

Group prejudice occurs when individuals conform to the norms and biases of their group, leading to prejudiced attitudes or behaviors.

Quiz 17: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior