Question 1

Jill runs a group session for youth who demonstrate chronic behavioral problems, antisocial behaviors, impulsivity, and substance abuse.  For whom does Jill run a group?

Accepted Answer

Jill runs a group for youth who exhibit chronic behavioral problems, antisocial behaviors, impulsivity, and substance abuse, which are characteristic symptoms of conduct disorder.

Question 2

Jill installed a camera at the front door of her boutique to dissuade shoplifting; after a month, she also found less loitering and graffiti on her storefront walls.  Which of the following describes the phenomenon Jill discovered-that a prevention method to cut back on one type of criminal activity also lowered the number of incidents of a different criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon Jill discovered is known as "diffusion of benefits," where measures taken to prevent one type of crime inadvertently help to reduce other types of crimes as well, without specifically targeting them.

Question 3

Itsey went to the ATM to withdraw cash for girls' night out; a man came out of the shadows and threatened her with bodily harm if she did not hand the cash over to him.  Itsey was the victim of what type of crime?

Accepted Answer

Itsey was the victim of a predatory crime, which involves an offender deciding to target a victim for reasons such as opportunity for theft, with the intent to harm the victim if necessary to obtain what they want.

Question 4

What research is representative of the view that certain characteristics of delinquent youths increase the probability that they will be aggressive and antisocial and that their actions will involve them with agents of social control?

Accepted Answer

Personality research focuses on individual traits and characteristics that may predispose certain youths to aggressive and antisocial behavior, which can lead to interactions with social control agents.

Question 5

According to the text, regarding effective strategies for deterring delinquency, which strategy is described as seemingly working the best?

Accepted Answer

Focusing police activities on particular problems is described as the most effective strategy for deterring delinquency because it allows for targeted interventions that address specific issues directly linked to delinquent behaviors.

Question 6

Jack wanted a new iPad, but he did not want to spend the money he was saving for his ski trip.  He then considered stealing one from a local bookstore where security was lax.  Jack deliberated between the pros-new iPad and ski trip-and the cons- getting caught for stealing the iPad.  Given the slipshod security at the bookstore, Jack decided to steal an iPad.  Of the following theories of crime and delinquency, which one best explains Jack's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Rational choice theory best explains Jack's behavior as it involves weighing the pros and cons of committing a crime and deciding based on perceived benefits and risks. Jack's decision-making process reflects this theory.

Question 7

The idea that delinquents manifest physical anomalies that make them biologically and physiologically similar to throwbacks of an earlier state in human evolution was formulated by Lombroso. What is the name of this concept?

Accepted Answer

Criminal atavism is the concept formulated by Cesare Lombroso, suggesting that criminals are physiological throwbacks to earlier stages of human evolution, identifiable by certain physical anomalies.

Question 8

In August, Jack and Jill went on vacation.  They asked their neighbor, Cole, to keep an eye on their home and Sasha, their dog, while they were away.  Cole agreed but forgot to tell them that he would be out of town one of the days to attend a conference.  To relieve their boredom and as an end-of-summer back-to-school last hurrah, King, Itsey, and Drew, teenagers who live in the neighborhood, decided they would break into Jack and Jill's house to steal their sizeable collection of portable electronics.  In this scenario, who is/are the capable guardian(s)?

Accepted Answer

Cole is considered the capable guardian in this scenario because he was asked to keep an eye on the house and Sasha, indicating he was given the responsibility to protect the property in the absence of Jack and Jill.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes Beccaria's position on punishment?

Accepted Answer

Beccaria advocated for punishment to be sufficiently severe, certain, and swift to deter crime effectively, emphasizing the importance of all three characteristics in achieving deterrence.

Question 10

Your friend was given an assignment to research classical criminology.  Whose writings would your friend research to understand the core principles of this theory?

Accepted Answer

Cesare Beccaria is a foundational figure in classical criminology, known for his work "On Crimes and Punishments" (1764), which argues that punishment should be swift, certain, and proportionate to the crime, emphasizing deterrence over retribution.

Question 11

The juvenile court has been a revolving door where Jill is concerned.  The impulsivity in her decision-making is the driving force for her participation in delinquent activities and Jill's counselor remarked that at times she feels Jill's conduct is almost instinctual.  What theory best fits Jill's behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Trait theory suggests that certain personality traits, such as impulsivity, can predispose individuals to engage in delinquent behavior, which aligns with Jill's instinctual and impulsive actions.

Question 12

What theory holds that low intelligence is generally determined and inherited?

Accepted Answer

The theory that posits low intelligence is generally determined by inherited genetic factors is associated with the "Nature" perspective. This viewpoint emphasizes the role of genetic inheritance and biological factors in determining human traits and behaviors, including intelligence.

Question 13

The city council wants a crime prevention method that will reduce opportunities to commit criminal acts; the method should make opportunities more difficult to take advantage of, with rewards reduced and risk increased.  Which of the following would be most appropriate to present to the council?

Accepted Answer

Situational crime prevention is specifically designed to reduce opportunities for crime by making it more difficult to commit, reducing the rewards, and increasing the risks associated with committing the crime, which aligns with the council's requirements.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct amount for incarcerating one juvenile in some jurisdictions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the correct...

Question 15

A youth has difficulties with forming emotional bonds, trusting others, and demonstrating respectful behavior. Which theory applies here?

Accepted Answer

Attachment theory explains how early relationships with caregivers can influence an individual's ability to form emotional bonds, trust others, and demonstrate respectful behavior later in life.

Question 16

The city council wants suggestions for crime prevention techniques such as installing unbreakable glass on storefronts to present to the businesses on Main Street. What is the name of this crime prevention technique?

Accepted Answer

Target hardening refers to measures taken to strengthen the security of a building or installation, making it more resistant to attacks or unauthorized entry, such as installing unbreakable glass on storefronts.

Question 17

If you wanted to study forms of retaliation in the drug trade, which form would you investigate to understand nonviolent revenge gained through resource confiscation without interaction between the retaliator and wrongdoer during the transfer?

Accepted Answer

Stealth retaliation involves taking action without direct confrontation or interaction, fitting the criteria of nonviolent revenge through resource confiscation without the retaliator and wrongdoer interacting during the transfer.

Question 18

After reading about the crackdown on shoplifting at the local discount store by enforcing full criminal penalties allowed by law, Drew and Cole decided they would abandon their plan to steal CDs.  What crime control policy influenced their decision?

Accepted Answer

General deterrence aims to discourage crime by making examples out of offenders, thereby deterring the general public from committing crimes due to fear of punishment. Drew and Cole's decision to abandon their plan after learning about the crackdown is an example of being deterred by the potential consequences, aligning with the concept of general deterrence.

Question 19

Cohen and Felson posited that crimes against persons or crimes of theft are influenced by the interaction of three variables: capable guardian(s), suitable target(s), and motivated offender(s). What is the name of this theory?

Accepted Answer

Cohen and Felson's theory is known as the Routine Activities Theory. It suggests that the volume and distribution of predatory crime are closely related to the interaction of daily patterns of social interaction.

Question 20

Jack is susceptible to environmental influences; consequently, whenever Jack encounters adverse social environments he becomes aggressive.  Conversely, when Jack encounters supportive environments he is less aggressive than someone who is not susceptible to environmental influences.  Which of the following models best describes Jack?

Accepted Answer

The differential susceptibility model best describes Jack because it posits that some individuals are more susceptible to both negative and positive environmental influences than others, leading to varying outcomes based on the nature of their environments. This model explains why Jack becomes more aggressive in adverse environments and less aggressive in supportive ones, reflecting a heightened sensitivity to environmental conditions.

Quiz 3: Individual Views of Delinquency

Jill runs a group session for youth who demonstrate chronic behavioral problems, antisocial behaviors, impulsivity, and substance abuse. For whom does Jill run a group?

Itsey went to the ATM to withdraw cash for girls' night out; a man came out of the shadows and threatened her with bodily harm if she did not hand the cash over to him. Itsey was the victim of what type of crime?

What research is representative of the view that certain characteristics of delinquent youths increase the probability that they will be aggressive and antisocial and that their actions will involve them with agents of social control?

According to the text, regarding effective strategies for deterring delinquency, which strategy is described as seemingly working the best?

The idea that delinquents manifest physical anomalies that make them biologically and physiologically similar to throwbacks of an earlier state in human evolution was formulated by Lombroso. What is the name of this concept?

Which of the following best describes Beccaria's position on punishment?

Your friend was given an assignment to research classical criminology. Whose writings would your friend research to understand the core principles of this theory?

What theory holds that low intelligence is generally determined and inherited?

The city council wants a crime prevention method that will reduce opportunities to commit criminal acts; the method should make opportunities more difficult to take advantage of, with rewards reduced and risk increased. Which of the following would be most appropriate to present to the council?

Which of the following is the correct amount for incarcerating one juvenile in some jurisdictions?

A youth has difficulties with forming emotional bonds, trusting others, and demonstrating respectful behavior. Which theory applies here?

The city council wants suggestions for crime prevention techniques such as installing unbreakable glass on storefronts to present to the businesses on Main Street. What is the name of this crime prevention technique?

If you wanted to study forms of retaliation in the drug trade, which form would you investigate to understand nonviolent revenge gained through resource confiscation without interaction between the retaliator and wrongdoer during the transfer?

After reading about the crackdown on shoplifting at the local discount store by enforcing full criminal penalties allowed by law, Drew and Cole decided they would abandon their plan to steal CDs. What crime control policy influenced their decision?

Cohen and Felson posited that crimes against persons or crimes of theft are influenced by the interaction of three variables: capable guardian(s) , suitable target(s) , and motivated offender(s) . What is the name of this theory?