Question 1

Who is the most likely to be anxious, depressed, and/or low in self-esteem? ​

Accepted Answer

Belief in UFOs, unlike the other options, does not inherently provide a sense of purpose, community, or moral guidance, which are factors that can positively influence mental health. The other options involve beliefs or aspirations that typically offer a sense of belonging, purpose, or future orientation, which can be protective against anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.

Question 2

There are a number of cognitive tendencies found among gamblers that have the effect of encouraging these people to keep gambling. One of the MOST common is the tendency to see losses as ____.

Accepted Answer

Gamblers often perceive losses as "near wins," which psychologically minimizes the feeling of loss and encourages continued gambling, as they believe they are close to winning.

Question 3

The mere exposure effect occurs for stimuli that are presented at a conscious level, but it does not occur for stimuli that are presented at a nonconscious (subliminal)level. ​

Accepted Answer

The mere exposure effect can occur for stimuli presented at both conscious and nonconscious (subliminal) levels, indicating that repeated exposure to a stimulus can increase an individual's preference for it, even if the stimulus is not consciously perceived.

Question 4

Research in social cognition has more or less suggested that evaluation is part of perception. ​

Accepted Answer

Research in social cognition has indeed suggested that evaluation is an integral part of perception, indicating that when we perceive something, we often immediately and unconsciously assess it as good or bad, safe or threatening.

Question 5

One of the most important applications of consistency to social phenomena is called attribution theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the most important applications of...

Question 6

Iris is a vegetarian, but she was forced to eat a steak last night. Research suggests that even under these highly unusual circumstances, she will still feel dissonance and try to rationalize her steak eating to reduce this dissonance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Iris is a vegetarian, but she was...

Question 7

The mere exposure effect can also influence attitudes toward oneself.

Accepted Answer

The mere exposure effect, which posits that people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them, can also apply to self-perception, leading individuals to form more positive attitudes toward themselves through repeated self-exposure.

Question 8

The pressure to maintain consistency among beliefs and behaviors is ____.

Accepted Answer

Humans have a more complex social structure and cognitive ability compared to animals, which leads to a greater pressure to maintain consistency among beliefs and behaviors to navigate social interactions and societal norms effectively.

Question 9

People who hold irrational attitudes (e.g., about Big Foot, UFOs, and ghosts)tend to ____.

Accepted Answer

DHolding irrational attitudes, such as beliefs in Big Foot, UFOs, and ghosts, does not necessarily correlate with lower self-esteem. In fact, individuals with these beliefs may have varying levels of self-esteem, both low and high. The key point is that the presence of such beliefs does not directly predict one's level of self-esteem, as individuals may derive comfort, a sense of community, or identity from these beliefs, potentially boosting their self-esteem. Conversely, some may experience social stigma or internal conflict over these beliefs, which could negatively impact their self-esteem. Therefore, both C and D are correct because the relationship between irrational attitudes and self-esteem is not straightforward and can manifest in different ways.

Question 10

Research indicates that men show less attitude-behavior consistency than women when it comes to sexuality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research indicates that men show less attitude-behavior...

Question 11

Consumer surveys (e.g., questionnaires that ask people what products they like and use)are primarily used to measure people's implicit attitudes.

Accepted Answer

Consumer surveys are primarily used to measure explicit attitudes, as they directly ask participants about their preferences and opinions. Implicit attitudes, on the other hand, are unconscious beliefs that are usually measured through indirect methods, such as reaction time tasks.

Question 12

Research on religious beliefs shows that appealing to a higher (superordinate)power can be an effective way to reduce ____.

Accepted Answer

Appealing to a higher power can help reduce dissonance by providing a framework or justification for beliefs or actions that might otherwise conflict with an individual's existing beliefs or values, thereby reducing the psychological discomfort associated with cognitive dissonance.

Question 13

Research indicates that students who enter college knowing their likes and dislikes on academically relevant issues tend to experience better physical and mental health in the college setting than do other students. ​

Accepted Answer

Students who have a clear understanding of their academic preferences and dislikes often experience less stress and anxiety, leading to better overall physical and mental health in the college environment. This is because they can make more informed decisions about their courses and activities, reducing uncertainty and the stress associated with it.

Question 14

Another term for social learning is instrumental learning .

Accepted Answer

Social learning refers to learning through observing others, while instrumental learning, also known as operant conditioning, involves learning through the consequences of behavior.

Question 15

Highly accessible attitudes can be quite influential because they come to mind very easily.

Accepted Answer

Highly accessible attitudes are influential because they are easily and quickly retrieved from memory, making them more likely to guide behavior and decision-making.

Question 16

Research suggests that religious beliefs ____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that religious beliefs can provide a sense of comfort, community, and understanding that helps individuals cope with traumatic events, loss, and personal challenges by offering a framework of meaning and hope.

Question 17

Jeanne believes that her son is a genius. He takes multiple difference IQ tests and scores below average. He performs poorly in school and shows little creativity at home. He does not excel at anything he does. Yet Jeanne continues to belief in his superior intellect. Jeanne is illustrating belief perseverance. ​

Accepted Answer

Belief perseverance is the phenomenon where people hold on to their beliefs even when confronted with evidence that contradicts those beliefs. Jeanne's continued belief in her son's genius despite evidence to the contrary is an example of this.

Question 18

Gamblers often use tricks to ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gamblers often use tricks to ____.
...

Question 19

Attitude accessibility refers to how easily an attitude comes to mind. ​

Accepted Answer

Attitude accessibility refers to the ease with which an attitude can be retrieved from memory, meaning how quickly and easily an attitude is activated or comes to mind when encountering a related object or situation.

Question 20

Which statement about humans and animals is most correct?

Accepted Answer

Humans have more complex cognitive abilities and social structures, which allow for a wider range of attitudes compared to animals.

Quiz 7: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Consistency

Who is the most likely to be anxious, depressed, and/or low in self-esteem?

There are a number of cognitive tendencies found among gamblers that have the effect of encouraging these people to keep gambling. One of the MOST common is the tendency to see losses as ____.

The mere exposure effect occurs for stimuli that are presented at a conscious level, but it does not occur for stimuli that are presented at a nonconscious (subliminal)level.

Research in social cognition has more or less suggested that evaluation is part of perception.

One of the most important applications of consistency to social phenomena is called attribution theory.

Iris is a vegetarian, but she was forced to eat a steak last night. Research suggests that even under these highly unusual circumstances, she will still feel dissonance and try to rationalize her steak eating to reduce this dissonance.

The mere exposure effect can also influence attitudes toward oneself.

The pressure to maintain consistency among beliefs and behaviors is ____.

People who hold irrational attitudes (e.g., about Big Foot, UFOs, and ghosts) tend to ____.

Research indicates that men show less attitude-behavior consistency than women when it comes to sexuality.

Consumer surveys (e.g., questionnaires that ask people what products they like and use)are primarily used to measure people's implicit attitudes.

Research on religious beliefs shows that appealing to a higher (superordinate) power can be an effective way to reduce ____.

Research indicates that students who enter college knowing their likes and dislikes on academically relevant issues tend to experience better physical and mental health in the college setting than do other students.

Another term for social learning is instrumental learning .

Highly accessible attitudes can be quite influential because they come to mind very easily.

Research suggests that religious beliefs ____.

Gamblers often use tricks to ____.

Attitude accessibility refers to how easily an attitude comes to mind.

Which statement about humans and animals is most correct?

Quiz 7: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Consistency

Who is the most likely to be anxious, depressed, and/or low in self-esteem? ​

There are a number of cognitive tendencies found among gamblers that have the effect of encouraging these people to keep gambling. One of the MOST common is the tendency to see losses as ____.

The mere exposure effect occurs for stimuli that are presented at a conscious level, but it does not occur for stimuli that are presented at a nonconscious (subliminal)level. ​

Research in social cognition has more or less suggested that evaluation is part of perception. ​

One of the most important applications of consistency to social phenomena is called attribution theory.

Iris is a vegetarian, but she was forced to eat a steak last night. Research suggests that even under these highly unusual circumstances, she will still feel dissonance and try to rationalize her steak eating to reduce this dissonance.

The mere exposure effect can also influence attitudes toward oneself.

The pressure to maintain consistency among beliefs and behaviors is ____.

People who hold irrational attitudes (e.g., about Big Foot, UFOs, and ghosts) tend to ____.

Research indicates that men show less attitude-behavior consistency than women when it comes to sexuality.

Consumer surveys (e.g., questionnaires that ask people what products they like and use)are primarily used to measure people's implicit attitudes.

Research on religious beliefs shows that appealing to a higher (superordinate) power can be an effective way to reduce ____.

Research indicates that students who enter college knowing their likes and dislikes on academically relevant issues tend to experience better physical and mental health in the college setting than do other students. ​

Another term for social learning is instrumental learning .

Highly accessible attitudes can be quite influential because they come to mind very easily.

Research suggests that religious beliefs ____.

Gamblers often use tricks to ____.

Attitude accessibility refers to how easily an attitude comes to mind. ​

Which statement about humans and animals is most correct?

Who is the most likely to be anxious, depressed, and/or low in self-esteem?

The mere exposure effect occurs for stimuli that are presented at a conscious level, but it does not occur for stimuli that are presented at a nonconscious (subliminal)level.

Research in social cognition has more or less suggested that evaluation is part of perception.

Research indicates that students who enter college knowing their likes and dislikes on academically relevant issues tend to experience better physical and mental health in the college setting than do other students.

Attitude accessibility refers to how easily an attitude comes to mind.