Question 1

Natural selection leads to:

Accepted Answer

Natural selection is a process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. This leads to changes in the traits of species across generations, as advantageous traits become more common.

Question 2

Who among the following individuals is most likely a behaviorist?

Accepted Answer

Abigail's belief that the method of introspection is highly unreliable to study human psychology aligns with the behaviorist perspective, which emphasizes observable behavior over internal events.

Question 3

Who among the following strongly criticized psychologists for emphasizing the study of conscious experience?

Accepted Answer

John Watson is known for his strong criticism of the focus on conscious experience in psychology, advocating instead for behaviorism, which emphasizes observable behaviors over internal mental states.

Question 4

Following his banishment from a university position, James Watson:

Accepted Answer

Following his banishment from a university position, John B. Watson, not James Watson, turned his attention to the world of advertising, where he applied psychological principles to make advertising more effective. He also became quite well-known to the public, thus earning the title of a "pop psychologist" of his era.

Question 5

Which school of behaviorism is most likely to consider reports about thoughts and feelings to be unscientific?

Accepted Answer

Methodological behaviorism strictly focuses on observable behaviors and considers internal states like thoughts and feelings to be outside the realm of scientific inquiry.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of James Watson?

Accepted Answer

James Watson, known for his work in genetics, was known to be uncomfortable with discussions of feelings, focusing more on scientific and empirical data.

Question 7

James Watson's methodological behaviorism played a valuable role in enabling psychology to:

Accepted Answer

Methodological behaviorism emphasized observable behavior and rejected the study of mental processes, which helped psychology break free from the extreme mentalism of the time.

Question 8

Which of the following are the three components to the principle of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

The principle of natural selection is based on three key components: variation in traits within and between species, heritability of those traits, and competition for limited resources, which drives natural selection.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism emphasizes an objective, natural science approach to psychology, focusing on observable behaviors rather than internal processes such as thoughts or emotions.

Question 10

The concept that individuals or species that are capable of adapting to environmental pressures are more likely to reproduce and pass along their adaptive characteristics than those that cannot adapt is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. This concept is a key mechanism of evolution.

Question 11

Methodological behaviorism asserts that psychologists should study those behaviors that can be:

Accepted Answer

Methodological behaviorism asserts that psychologists should study those behaviors that can be directly observed.

Question 12

From an evolutionary perspective, the ability to learn is considered to be:

Accepted Answer

The ability to learn is considered an adaptation because it enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. Learning allows individuals to adjust their behavior based on experiences, making it a beneficial trait that can be selected for in the process of evolution.

Question 13

While participating in a debate on psychology, Julia argues that the study of internal events should be strictly avoided as they are too subjective. In this scenario, Julia most likely adheres to the approach to psychology known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Julia's argument aligns with behaviorism, which emphasizes the study of observable behavior over internal events like thoughts and feelings, considering them too subjective for scientific inquiry.

Question 14

Behaviorism, as originally defined by James Watson, is a _____ approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of _____ on observable behavior.

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism, as defined by John B. Watson (not James Watson), is a natural science approach to psychology that focuses on how environmental influences affect observable behavior.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism approached psychology as an objective science based solely on the study of directly observable behavior.

Question 16

Which of the following is not considered an aspect of evolution?

Accepted Answer

All the options listed (A, B, and C) are considered aspects of evolution. They describe the basic principles of natural selection and variation within species, which are fundamental to the theory of evolution.

Question 17

According to _____, a major problem with the study of internal events is that one has to make inferences that are often _____.

Accepted Answer

John Watson, a prominent figure in behaviorism, argued that internal events, such as thoughts and emotions, are difficult to study scientifically because they cannot be observed directly, making inferences about them unreliable.

Question 18

According to John Watson, a major problem with the study of internal events is that:

Accepted Answer

John Watson, a pioneer of behaviorism, argued that the study of internal events (like thoughts and emotions) is problematic because it involves making inferences that cannot be directly observed and are therefore often unreliable. He emphasized the importance of studying observable behavior instead.

Question 19

One of the major difficulties with the structuralist approach to psychology was that the method of _____ was unreliable.

Accepted Answer

The structuralist approach to psychology, pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, relied heavily on introspection, where individuals reported their thoughts and feelings. However, this method was criticized for being unreliable because it was subjective and varied greatly between individuals.

Question 20

Which of the following theorists would have been most likely to refute the psychological importance of daydreaming?

Accepted Answer

John Watson, the founder of behaviorism, would have been most likely to refute the psychological importance of daydreaming because he believed that only observable behaviors were important in psychology.

Quiz 1: Introduction

Natural selection leads to:

Who among the following individuals is most likely a behaviorist?

Who among the following strongly criticized psychologists for emphasizing the study of conscious experience?

Following his banishment from a university position, James Watson:

Which school of behaviorism is most likely to consider reports about thoughts and feelings to be unscientific?

Which of the following statements is true of James Watson?

James Watson's methodological behaviorism played a valuable role in enabling psychology to:

Which of the following are the three components to the principle of natural selection?

Which of the following statements is true of behaviorism?

The concept that individuals or species that are capable of adapting to environmental pressures are more likely to reproduce and pass along their adaptive characteristics than those that cannot adapt is called _____.

Methodological behaviorism asserts that psychologists should study those behaviors that can be:

From an evolutionary perspective, the ability to learn is considered to be:

While participating in a debate on psychology, Julia argues that the study of internal events should be strictly avoided as they are too subjective. In this scenario, Julia most likely adheres to the approach to psychology known as _____.

Behaviorism, as originally defined by James Watson, is a _ approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of _ on observable behavior.

Which of the following statements is true of behaviorism?

Which of the following is not considered an aspect of evolution?

According to _, a major problem with the study of internal events is that one has to make inferences that are often _.

According to John Watson, a major problem with the study of internal events is that:

One of the major difficulties with the structuralist approach to psychology was that the method of _____ was unreliable.

Which of the following theorists would have been most likely to refute the psychological importance of daydreaming?