Question 1

Seema once received a shock while plugging in her toaster and is now quite anxious each time she uses it. In this example, the shock is a(n) _____ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The shock is an unconditioned stimulus because it naturally (without prior learning) causes a reaction, which in this case is the feeling of fear or anxiety. Unconditioned stimuli automatically elicit a response without the need for learning.

Question 2

A(n) _____ stimulus is a stimulus that naturally elicits a response.

Accepted Answer

An unconditioned stimulus is one that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any need for learning. This concept is a fundamental part of classical conditioning in psychology.

Question 3

"Everyone on Main Street suddenly fell silent when the outlaw Jesse James rode into town." This statement is analogous to the _____ procedure in classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Conditioned suppression refers to a situation where a conditioned stimulus (CS) that predicts an aversive event leads to a suppression of ongoing behavior. In the analogy, the appearance of Jesse James (akin to a CS predicting something bad) causes everyone to stop what they're doing (a suppression of behavior).

Question 4

In _____ conditioning, the _____ is an event that is usually considered pleasant or satisfying.

Accepted Answer

In appetitive conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus is an event that is typically considered pleasant or satisfying, as it naturally elicits a positive response without the need for learning.

Question 5

Feeling strongly attracted to a person following some romantic encounters is an example of _____ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Feeling strongly attracted to a person after romantic encounters is an example of appetitive conditioning, where a positive or desirable outcome (attraction) follows a specific stimulus (romantic encounters).

Question 6

A man remains still as a snake slithers by. Which of the following procedures does this statement illustrate?

Accepted Answer

The conditioned suppression paradigm involves a neutral stimulus (e.g., a tone) being paired with an aversive stimulus (e.g., a shock). Over time, the neutral stimulus will come to elicit a conditioned response (e.g., freezing) in the absence of the aversive stimulus. In the given statement, the man remains still (conditioned response) as the snake slithers by (neutral stimulus).

Question 7

A rat emits 25 responses during the CS period and 25 responses during the pre-CS period, yielding a suppression ratio of _____.

Accepted Answer

The suppression ratio is calculated as the number of responses during the CS period divided by the total number of responses during both the CS and pre-CS periods. Here, it is 25/(25+25) = 0.5.

Question 8

The suppression ratio consists of the number of _____ divided by the number of _____.

Accepted Answer

The suppression ratio is calculated by dividing the number of CS responses by the total number of CS responses plus pre-CS responses. This ratio helps in measuring the level of conditioned suppression.

Question 9

In general, the unconditioned response (UR) is _____ the conditioned response (CR).

Accepted Answer

The unconditioned response (UR) is typically stronger than the conditioned response (CR) because the UR is a natural, unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus, whereas the CR is a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has become associated with the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 10

Tamsen once became ill while riding in the backseat of a car. Now, whenever she rides in the backseat of a car, she feels nauseous. Riding in the backseat is now a(n) _____ for nausea.

Accepted Answer

Riding in the backseat has become a conditioned stimulus because it now triggers nausea due to the association with the past experience of becoming ill, which was not originally causing nausea.

Question 11

The conditioned response (CR) is often

Accepted Answer

The conditioned response (CR) is often similar to the unconditioned response (UR) because it is a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus (US) through conditioning.

Question 12

A(n) _____ stimulus is a stimulus that elicits a certain response because it has been associated with some other stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A conditioned stimulus is one that elicits a response due to its association with another stimulus, typically through a process known as classical conditioning.

Question 13

The flexion response that happens when you step on a tack is a(n) ______ while the experience of the tack piercing your foot is a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

The flexion response is an unconditioned response because it is an automatic reflex to stepping on something sharp, and the experience of the tack piercing your foot is an unconditioned stimulus because it naturally causes the reflex action without prior conditioning.

Question 14

In _____ conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (US) is an event that is usually considered pleasant or satisfying.

Accepted Answer

In appetitive conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (US) is typically something that is naturally pleasant or satisfying, leading to a positive or desirable response in the subject.

Question 15

Svitlana once received a bite while holding her hamster and is now quite fearful each time she holds it. In this example, the act of holding the hamster has become a(n) _____ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The act of holding the hamster has become a conditioned stimulus because Svitlana has learned to associate it with the fear of being bitten, which is a learned response.

Question 16

In general, pleasant stimuli are used in _____ conditioning procedures, while unpleasant stimuli are used in _____ conditioning procedures.

Accepted Answer

Appetitive conditioning involves the use of pleasant stimuli to create a positive response, while aversive conditioning involves the use of unpleasant stimuli to create a negative response.

Question 17

The conditioned response (CR) is _____ the unconditioned response (UR).

Accepted Answer

The conditioned response (CR) is often similar to the unconditioned response (UR) because classical conditioning involves learning to associate an unconditioned stimulus that already triggers a particular response with a new stimulus, so that the new stimulus comes to trigger a similar response.

Question 18

Josie's best friend started making fun of her clothes at school.  Now when Josie sees her best friend, she feels anxious.  In this example, her concern about being made fun of is a(n) _____ response.

Accepted Answer

Josie's anxiety in response to seeing her best friend, after being made fun of for her clothes, is a learned response. This is a classic example of a conditioned response, where an originally neutral stimulus (seeing her best friend) becomes associated with an emotional reaction (anxiety) due to the experience of being made fun of.

Question 19

In Pavlov's basic classical conditioning procedure, salivating in response to the sound of a metronome is a(n)

Accepted Answer

In Pavlov's experiments, the sound of the metronome becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) after being associated with food, the unconditioned stimulus (US). The salivation that occurs in response to the metronome sound, after conditioning, is the conditioned response (CR), as it is a learned response to the previously neutral stimulus (the metronome sound).

Question 20

Seema once received a shock while plugging in her toaster and is now quite fearful each time she uses it. In this example, the toaster was originally a(n) _____ stimulus with respect to fear.

Accepted Answer

Initially, the toaster was a neutral stimulus because it did not elicit a fear response from Seema until after the shocking incident occurred.

Quiz 3: Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Seema once received a shock while plugging in her toaster and is now quite anxious each time she uses it. In this example, the shock is a(n) _____ stimulus.

A(n) _____ stimulus is a stimulus that naturally elicits a response.

"Everyone on Main Street suddenly fell silent when the outlaw Jesse James rode into town." This statement is analogous to the _____ procedure in classical conditioning.

In _ conditioning, the _ is an event that is usually considered pleasant or satisfying.

Feeling strongly attracted to a person following some romantic encounters is an example of _____ conditioning.

A man remains still as a snake slithers by. Which of the following procedures does this statement illustrate?

A rat emits 25 responses during the CS period and 25 responses during the pre-CS period, yielding a suppression ratio of _____.

The suppression ratio consists of the number of _ divided by the number of _.

In general, the unconditioned response (UR) is _____ the conditioned response (CR) .

Tamsen once became ill while riding in the backseat of a car. Now, whenever she rides in the backseat of a car, she feels nauseous. Riding in the backseat is now a(n) _____ for nausea.

The conditioned response (CR) is often

A(n) _____ stimulus is a stimulus that elicits a certain response because it has been associated with some other stimulus.

The flexion response that happens when you step on a tack is a(n) while the experience of the tack piercing your foot is a(n) .

In _____ conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (US) is an event that is usually considered pleasant or satisfying.

Svitlana once received a bite while holding her hamster and is now quite fearful each time she holds it. In this example, the act of holding the hamster has become a(n) _____ stimulus.

In general, pleasant stimuli are used in _ conditioning procedures, while unpleasant stimuli are used in _ conditioning procedures.

The conditioned response (CR) is _____ the unconditioned response (UR) .

Josie's best friend started making fun of her clothes at school. Now when Josie sees her best friend, she feels anxious. In this example, her concern about being made fun of is a(n) _____ response.

In Pavlov's basic classical conditioning procedure, salivating in response to the sound of a metronome is a(n)

Seema once received a shock while plugging in her toaster and is now quite fearful each time she uses it. In this example, the toaster was originally a(n) _____ stimulus with respect to fear.