Question 1

Two examples of specificity in conditioning, known as _________ and _________, involve pairing a compound stimulus with a US.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two examples of specificity in conditioning, known...

Question 2

Not being afraid of your cat even through it has scratched you several times is an example of _________ inhibition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Not being afraid of your cat even...

Question 3

Darren is afraid of bees, but this fear is present only when he is near a beehive. This is because bees are most likely to attack when their beehives are threatened. This scenario is an example of
A) selective sensitization.
B) pseudoconditioning.
C) occasion setting.
D) disinhibition.

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of occasion setting, where Darren's fear response is specifically triggered by the context or situation of being near a beehive, indicating that the presence of the beehive sets the occasion for the fear response due to the increased likelihood of bees attacking.

Question 4

Cedrick was harassed by two men at the ATM; one he had seen at an earlier bar fight and one he did not know. Although the men were equally scary, Cedrick developed a much stronger fear of the man whom he had never seen before. This scenario is an example of
A) latent inhibition.
B) blocking.
C) higher-order conditioning.
D) sensory preconditioning.

Accepted Answer

Latent inhibition refers to the phenomenon where familiarity with a stimulus before it is paired with a response makes it harder for that stimulus to be associated with the response later. In this scenario, Cedrick's prior familiarity with one of the men (seen at an earlier bar fight) made it harder for him to develop fear towards that man compared to the man he had not seen before, illustrating latent inhibition.

Question 5

The maximum amount of conditioning that can take place in a particular situation is known as the _________ of conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The maximum amount of conditioning that can...

Question 6

Based partially on Pavlov's work on experimental neurosis, Eysenck concluded that (introverts/extraverts) _________ tend to be highly reactive to external stimulation, condition easily, and develop anxiety-type symptoms in reaction to stress. By contrast, (introverts/extraverts) _________ are less reactive, condition less easily, and develop physical-type symptoms in reaction to stress.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based partially on Pavlov's work on experimental...

Question 7

Zoe has had her pet terrier, Roscoe, for several years. Although Zoe has twice been bitten by Roscoe recently, she is completely unafraid of him. This is most likely an example of the _____ effect.
A) overshadowing
B) blocking
C) latent inhibition
D) latent habituation

Accepted Answer

Latent inhibition refers to the phenomenon where a familiar stimulus takes longer to acquire meaning (as a signal or conditioned stimulus) than a new stimulus. Zoe's lack of fear towards Roscoe, despite being bitten, could be due to her long-standing familiarity and bond with Roscoe, making her less reactive or fearful towards his aggressive actions compared to if a new or unfamiliar dog had bitten her.

Question 8

In what is known as _____, it is easier to condition an unfamiliar stimulus than a familiar stimulus as a CS.
A) latent inhibition
B) blocking
C) overshadowing
D) occasion setting

Accepted Answer

Latent inhibition refers to the phenomenon where it is more difficult to condition a stimulus as a conditioned stimulus (CS) if it is already familiar to the subject, compared to an unfamiliar stimulus. This means that pre-exposure to a stimulus without any association to an unconditioned stimulus (US) makes it harder for that stimulus to later be used effectively in classical conditioning.

Question 9

Following an experience in which you were stung by a bee and subsequently developed a fear of bees, you are hired for a one-day job with a biologist in which your task is to catch bees. During the day, you never once get stung by a bee. As a result, your fear of bees will likely decrease, which is a process known as _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following an experience in which you were...

Question 10

A(n) _____ can signal either the presentation of a US or its absence, or even a change in the intensity of the US.
A) releaser
B) operant
C) external inhibitor
D) occasion setter

Accepted Answer

An occasion setter is a stimulus that signals the relation between other stimuli, such as signaling when a US (unconditioned stimulus) will be presented, its absence, or a change in its intensity. This makes it distinct from releasers, operants, and external inhibitors, which have different roles in behavior and learning.

Question 11

Latent inhibition prevents the development of conditioned responses to _____ that are coincidentally paired with a US.
A) redundant stimuli
B) predictable stimuli
C) unfamiliar stimuli
D) uncommon stimuli

Accepted Answer

Latent inhibition occurs when a stimulus that has been experienced repeatedly without reinforcement or punishment takes longer to acquire meaning (as a signal or conditioned stimulus) when it is finally paired with a reinforcement or punishment. Redundant stimuli, which are encountered frequently without any association to a significant outcome, are therefore the ones to which latent inhibition applies, making it harder for them to become conditioned stimuli later on.

Question 12

In higher-order conditioning, the conditioning of the CS₁ is often called _________ conditioning, while the conditioning of the CS₂ is called _________ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In higher-order conditioning, the conditioning of the...

Question 13

In latent inhibition, an unfamiliar stimulus is more readily conditioned as a _____ than a familiar stimulus.
A) US
B) CS
C) NS 1
D) NS 2

Accepted Answer

Latent inhibition refers to the phenomenon where a familiar stimulus takes longer to become a conditioned stimulus (CS) than a new, unfamiliar stimulus, because the familiar stimulus does not attract the subject's attention as much as a new stimulus does.

Question 14

Women are typically more anxious about being harassed while walking by a male worker at a construction site than while walking by a male worker in an office complex. This example best illustrates the concept of _____.
A) blocking
B) overshadowing
C) occasion setting
D) latent inhibition

Accepted Answer

Occasion setting refers to the context or environment influencing how a stimulus is perceived and the response it elicits. In this example, the context (construction site vs. office complex) sets the occasion for how the presence of a male worker is perceived and the level of anxiety it produces.

Question 15

Latent inhibition is useful in that it prevents the development of conditioned responses to _____ aspects of our environment.
A) common and thereby redundant
B) fluctuating
C) unfamiliar and novel
D) overly salient

Accepted Answer

Latent inhibition is a cognitive process that prevents us from developing conditioned responses to stimuli that we encounter frequently but that are of little or no importance. This helps us ignore common and redundant aspects of our environment, allowing us to focus on more relevant stimuli.

Question 16

According to Lubow and Gewirtz, a person suffering from schizophrenia is likely to exhibit difficulties with _____.
A) latent inhibition
B) classical conditioning
C) aversive conditioning
D) occasion setting

Accepted Answer

Lubow and Gewirtz's research suggests that individuals with schizophrenia show impairments in latent inhibition, which is the process by which familiar stimuli take longer to acquire meaning as a signal or in conditioning because of their prior irrelevant or non-reinforced exposure.

Question 17

According to the latent inhibition effect, a _____ stimulus is more readily conditioned as a CS than a familiar stimulus.
A) predictable
B) more intense
C) less intense
D) novel

Accepted Answer

The latent inhibition effect suggests that a novel (new or unfamiliar) stimulus is more readily conditioned as a conditioned stimulus (CS) than a familiar stimulus, because familiar stimuli are often ignored or not attended to as closely.

Question 18

A student has great difficulty focusing on the relevant material being discussed in class and is easily distracted. This student might also display (stronger/weaker) _________ evidence of _________ inhibition compared to an average student.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A student has great difficulty focusing on...

Question 19

If, on many occasions, a dog is made to hear the sound of a metronome prior to conditioning, then a standard number of conditioning trials might result in little or no conditioning to the metronome. This is most likely an experiment on
A) higher-order conditioning.
B) blocking.
C) latent inhibition.
D) occasion setting.

Accepted Answer

Latent inhibition refers to the phenomenon where frequent exposure to a neutral stimulus without any conditioning makes it harder for that stimulus to be later associated with an unconditioned stimulus during conditioning trials. In this case, the dog's repeated exposure to the metronome sound without any association makes it less likely for the dog to form a new association with the metronome during conditioning.

Question 20

The fact that you learned to fear wasps and hornets, as well as bees, after being stung by a bee is an example of the process of _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that you learned to fear...

Quiz 4: Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Two examples of specificity in conditioning, known as _ and _, involve pairing a compound stimulus with a US.

Not being afraid of your cat even through it has scratched you several times is an example of _________ inhibition.

Darren is afraid of bees, but this fear is present only when he is near a beehive. This is because bees are most likely to attack when their beehives are threatened. This scenario is an example of

Cedrick was harassed by two men at the ATM; one he had seen at an earlier bar fight and one he did not know. Although the men were equally scary, Cedrick developed a much stronger fear of the man whom he had never seen before. This scenario is an example of

The maximum amount of conditioning that can take place in a particular situation is known as the _________ of conditioning.

Zoe has had her pet terrier, Roscoe, for several years. Although Zoe has twice been bitten by Roscoe recently, she is completely unafraid of him. This is most likely an example of the _____ effect.

In what is known as _____, it is easier to condition an unfamiliar stimulus than a familiar stimulus as a CS.

A(n) _____ can signal either the presentation of a US or its absence, or even a change in the intensity of the US.

Latent inhibition prevents the development of conditioned responses to _____ that are coincidentally paired with a US.

In higher-order conditioning, the conditioning of the CS₁ is often called _ conditioning, while the conditioning of the CS₂ is called _ conditioning.

In latent inhibition, an unfamiliar stimulus is more readily conditioned as a _____ than a familiar stimulus.

Women are typically more anxious about being harassed while walking by a male worker at a construction site than while walking by a male worker in an office complex. This example best illustrates the concept of _____.

Latent inhibition is useful in that it prevents the development of conditioned responses to _____ aspects of our environment.

According to Lubow and Gewirtz, a person suffering from schizophrenia is likely to exhibit difficulties with _____.

According to the latent inhibition effect, a _____ stimulus is more readily conditioned as a CS than a familiar stimulus.

A student has great difficulty focusing on the relevant material being discussed in class and is easily distracted. This student might also display (stronger/weaker) _ evidence of _ inhibition compared to an average student.

If, on many occasions, a dog is made to hear the sound of a metronome prior to conditioning, then a standard number of conditioning trials might result in little or no conditioning to the metronome. This is most likely an experiment on

The fact that you learned to fear wasps and hornets, as well as bees, after being stung by a bee is an example of the process of _________.

Quiz 4: Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Two examples of specificity in conditioning, known as _________ and _________, involve pairing a compound stimulus with a US.

Not being afraid of your cat even through it has scratched you several times is an example of _________ inhibition.

Darren is afraid of bees, but this fear is present only when he is near a beehive. This is because bees are most likely to attack when their beehives are threatened. This scenario is an example of

Cedrick was harassed by two men at the ATM; one he had seen at an earlier bar fight and one he did not know. Although the men were equally scary, Cedrick developed a much stronger fear of the man whom he had never seen before. This scenario is an example of

The maximum amount of conditioning that can take place in a particular situation is known as the _________ of conditioning.

Zoe has had her pet terrier, Roscoe, for several years. Although Zoe has twice been bitten by Roscoe recently, she is completely unafraid of him. This is most likely an example of the _____ effect.

In what is known as _____, it is easier to condition an unfamiliar stimulus than a familiar stimulus as a CS.

A(n) _____ can signal either the presentation of a US or its absence, or even a change in the intensity of the US.

Latent inhibition prevents the development of conditioned responses to _____ that are coincidentally paired with a US.

In higher-order conditioning, the conditioning of the CS1 is often called _________ conditioning, while the conditioning of the CS2 is called _________ conditioning.

In latent inhibition, an unfamiliar stimulus is more readily conditioned as a _____ than a familiar stimulus.

Women are typically more anxious about being harassed while walking by a male worker at a construction site than while walking by a male worker in an office complex. This example best illustrates the concept of _____.

Latent inhibition is useful in that it prevents the development of conditioned responses to _____ aspects of our environment.

According to Lubow and Gewirtz, a person suffering from schizophrenia is likely to exhibit difficulties with _____.

According to the latent inhibition effect, a _____ stimulus is more readily conditioned as a CS than a familiar stimulus.

A student has great difficulty focusing on the relevant material being discussed in class and is easily distracted. This student might also display (stronger/weaker) _________ evidence of _________ inhibition compared to an average student.

If, on many occasions, a dog is made to hear the sound of a metronome prior to conditioning, then a standard number of conditioning trials might result in little or no conditioning to the metronome. This is most likely an experiment on

The fact that you learned to fear wasps and hornets, as well as bees, after being stung by a bee is an example of the process of _________.

Two examples of specificity in conditioning, known as _ and _, involve pairing a compound stimulus with a US.

In higher-order conditioning, the conditioning of the CS₁ is often called _ conditioning, while the conditioning of the CS₂ is called _ conditioning.

A student has great difficulty focusing on the relevant material being discussed in class and is easily distracted. This student might also display (stronger/weaker) _ evidence of _ inhibition compared to an average student.