Question 1

In an experiment, the scent of lilacs is repeatedly paired with shots of adrenaline which facilitates immune system activity. As a result, the scent of lilacs is likely to elicit a(n)

Accepted Answer

This is an example of classical conditioning, where the scent of lilacs (a neutral stimulus) is paired with shots of adrenaline (an unconditioned stimulus that enhances immune system activity). Over time, the scent of lilacs alone may elicit an enhanced immune response (a conditioned response), demonstrating the learned association between the scent and the immune-enhancing effects of adrenaline.

Question 2

The _________ approach to conditioning holds that the CS acts as a substitute for the US.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _________ approach to conditioning holds that...

Question 3

Research revealed that patients who received chemotherapy in a hospital setting subsequently experienced a(n) _____ immune response when they visited the hospital again but did not receive chemotherapy. In this example, the _____ would be the US.

Accepted Answer

The suppressed immune response is a conditioned response to the hospital environment, which was previously associated with chemotherapy. The chemotherapy acts as the unconditioned stimulus (US) that initially caused the immune suppression.

Question 4

When Bob and Shirley were separated, they each gave their son Billy great Christmas presents, with the result that he developed strong positive feelings for both of them. They then resolved their differences and moved back in together. They now give Billy one present from the two of them. The _________ theory predicts that Billy's positive feelings for each will now be weaker. This is known as the _________ effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Bob and Shirley were separated, they...

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of the placebo effect?

Accepted Answer

The placebo effect can be more pronounced following a period of treatment with an active drug, as patients may respond to the context or the act of treatment itself, rather than the specific pharmacological action of the drug.

Question 6

Robert feels nervous whenever he sees his neighbor's house because the neighbor's dog bit him a few years back. His behavior illustrates the _________ model of classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Robert feels nervous whenever he sees his...

Question 7

If a person displays an allergic reaction to the mere sight of an artificial flower, the allergic reaction is most likely a _____.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a Conditioned Response (CR), where the person has learned to associate the sight of an artificial flower (a previously neutral stimulus) with an allergic reaction, indicating a psychological, rather than physiological, response.

Question 8

According to the _________ theory, _________ occurs because a CS in the compound stimuli has already picked up all the available associative value.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the _________ theory, _________ occurs...

Question 9

A person's level of emotional reactivity is known as _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person's level of emotional reactivity is...

Question 10

Research revealed that patients who received chemotherapy in a hospital setting subsequently experienced a(n) _____ immune response when they visited the hospital again but did not receive chemotherapy. In this case, the _____ would be classified as the CS.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B) suppressed; hospital. This is because the hospital environment acts as a conditioned stimulus (CS) that, through association with the chemotherapy (the unconditioned stimulus, which naturally suppresses the immune system), leads to a conditioned suppression of the immune response even in the absence of the chemotherapy.

Question 11

In order to overcome her addiction to hamburgers, Sheila imagines that the meat contains ground cockroaches. Which of the following therapeutic techniques does Sheila employ?

Accepted Answer

Covert sensitization is a cognitive-behavioral technique where an individual uses unpleasant imagery to reduce the occurrence of an undesired behavior, in this case, Sheila imagines eating cockroaches to curb her hamburger addiction.

Question 12

Lothar's job has recently become quite stressful. He notices that he is also developing a fear of driving during rush hours. Lothar's behavior is best described as an example of _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lothar's job has recently become quite stressful....

Question 13

According to the _________ model of classical conditioning, a CS that has been repeatedly associated with the primary response (a-process) to a US will eventually come to elicit a compensatory response (b-process).

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the _________ model of classical...

Question 14

In drug research, a(n) _____ is an inert substance that appears to be a drug but in reality has no pharmacological value.

Accepted Answer

A placebo is an inert substance given to a participant in a study, which has no therapeutic effect. It is used as a control to test the efficacy of drugs.

Question 15

Which of the following observations suggests that classical conditioning often underlies placebo effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following observations suggests that...

Question 16

In drug research, a(n) _____ is achieved by pairing the appearance of a drug with the active ingredients of the drug.

Accepted Answer

The placebo effect is achieved when the appearance of a drug (which may actually be inert or a "dummy" medication) is paired with the expectation of therapeutic benefit, leading to perceived or actual improvement in the patient's condition. This effect underscores the power of belief and expectation in the healing process.

Question 17

Warren begins wheezing whenever people talk about dogs. In the terminology of classical conditioning, the talk about dogs acts as the (use the abbreviation) _________ while the wheezing is the _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Warren begins wheezing whenever people talk about...

Question 18

Developing an aversion to lettuce and tomato sandwiches after imagining finding a spider in such a sandwich illustrates the treatment procedure known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Covert sensitization is a behavior therapy technique where an undesirable behavior is paired with an unpleasant image, in this case, finding a spider in a sandwich, to create an aversion to the behavior (eating lettuce and tomato sandwiches).

Question 19

While applying a placebo effect for treatment, a little white pill functions as the _____ while the original drug functions as the _____.

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is the neutral stimulus that, through association, comes to elicit a conditioned response. The unconditioned stimulus (US) is the stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any learning. In the context of a placebo effect, the little white pill (placebo) functions as the conditioned stimulus (CS) because it is neutral and becomes associated with the effects of the treatment. The original drug, which naturally causes the therapeutic effect, functions as the unconditioned stimulus (US).

Question 20

A common saying goes that if you fall off a horse, you should immediately get back on and keep riding until your fear has disappeared. This approach is similar to the therapeutic technique known as _________. Furthermore, getting back on immediately allows no opportunity for brief exposures to the feared stimulus, which could result in _________ of the conditioned fear response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A common saying goes that if you...

Quiz 5: Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning