Question 1

Janice found that after focusing for a long time on her assignment, she was unable to resist eating a chocolate bar and she just could not force herself to go for her usual evening run. Which of the following models predicts this loss of "willpower"?
A) The Ainslie-Rachlin model
B) The ego-depletion model
C) The compensatory response model
D) All of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

The ego-depletion model predicts this loss of "willpower." According to this model, self-control or willpower draws upon a limited pool of mental resources that can be used up. When the energy for mental activity is low, self-control is typically impaired, which can explain why Janice was unable to resist eating a chocolate bar and couldn't force herself to go for a run after focusing for a long time on her assignment.

Question 2

A commitment response is an action carried out at an early point in time that:
A) eliminates or reduces the value of an upcoming temptation.
B) increases the value of a large later reward.
C) boosts a person's confidence.
D) reduces the value of a large later reward.

Accepted Answer

A commitment response is designed to eliminate or reduce the value of an upcoming temptation, making it easier to stick to a long-term goal.

Question 3

Telling your parents to severely chastise you if you watch television rather than study this weekend is best described as an example of a:
A) self-reinforcement procedure.
B) deprivation procedure.
C) commitment response.
D) satiation procedure.

Accepted Answer

A commitment response involves making an arrangement in the present that is designed to control future behavior, in this case, asking parents to chastise if television is watched instead of studying.

Question 4

In a typical self-control situation, a commitment response is most likely to be made when
A) the smaller sooner reward is imminent.
B) the larger later reward is imminent.
C) the smaller sooner reward is still some distance away.
D) the smaller sooner reward has been obtained.

Accepted Answer

A commitment response is most likely to be made when the smaller sooner reward is still some distance away, as this is when an individual can plan and commit to a larger later reward without the immediate temptation of the smaller reward.

Question 5

According to the matching law, the proportion of _________ emitted on a certain schedule will roughly equal the proportion of _________ obtained on that schedule

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the matching law, the proportion...

Question 6

I am most likely to make a commitment response to go running this evening
A) when I wake up in the morning.
B) around noon.
C) just prior to the run.
D) when I feel strongly tempted to watch TV.

Accepted Answer

The answer of I am most likely to make a...

Question 7

Factors that would likely increase impulsiveness include:
A) being sleep deprived.
B) living in a noisy environment.
C) being too cold.
D) All of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

All of these factors can increase impulsiveness. Sleep deprivation affects cognitive functions and decision-making, living in a noisy environment can lead to stress and reduced self-control, and being too cold can distract and impair cognitive functions, leading to more impulsive decisions.

Question 8

According to the _________ law, if 25% of reinforcers are obtained on one of two simultaneously available schedules, then _________ of responses are likely to be emitted on that schedule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the _________ law, if 25%...

Question 9

According to the _____ model, each individual choice on a self-control task slightly increases or decreases the likelihood of obtaining the long-term goal.
A) Ainsley-Rachlin
B) delay-of-gratification
C) small-but-cumulative effects
D) countercontrol

Accepted Answer

The small-but-cumulative effects model suggests that each individual decision in a self-control task incrementally affects the probability of achieving a long-term goal, emphasizing the cumulative impact of small choices.

Question 10

In order to be most effective, when should a commitment response be made?
A) Before the SSR becomes imminent
B) After the SSR becomes imminent
C) When a person is subjected to a strong temptation
D) When a person is tired

Accepted Answer

A commitment response is most effective when made before the situation requiring self-regulation (SSR) becomes imminent, allowing for preparation and the setting of intentions ahead of time.

Question 11

The small-but-cumulative effects model points out that we are always confronted with temptation. According to this model, it is important to establish _____.
A) a relapse prevention plan
B) rules that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors
C) Both a and b are correct.
D) Neither a nor b is correct.

Accepted Answer

The small-but-cumulative effects model emphasizes the importance of managing continuous temptations through both a relapse prevention plan and rules that help distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors, making both A and B correct.

Question 12

From a temporal perspective, lack of self-control arises from the fact that our behavior is more heavily influenced by _________ consequences as opposed to _________ consequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From a temporal perspective, lack of self-control...

Question 13

You always eat a full meal before going shopping so that you will not be tempted (out of hunger) to buy those chocolate cookies you are addicted to. From the perspective of self-control, Skinner would refer to the act of eating the meal as the _________ response and the subsequent decreased tendency to buy cookies as the _________ response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You always eat a full meal before...

Question 14

Carolyn tells her brother that he can borrow her car for the entire weekend if she does not put in three hours of studying that evening. Carolyn's promise is an example of a _____ response that is more likely to have been made _____.
A) deprivation; at the start of the evening
B) commitment; at the start of the evening
C) deprivation; that morning
D) commitment; that morning

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carolyn tells her brother that he can...

Question 15

Playing video games instead of studying for one evening will _____ have significant effects on your long term goal of getting good grades, but according to the _____ model, the effects of such choices are _____.
A) certainly; countercontrol; reversible
B) not; small-but-cumulative effects; cumulative
C) not; Ainsley-Rachlin; temporarily beneficial
D) likely; reciprocal determinism; beneficial

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B because the small-but-cumulative effects model suggests that individual choices may not seem significant in isolation but can accumulate over time to have a larger impact. This model aligns with the idea that not studying for one evening might not have a significant effect immediately but can contribute to a pattern that cumulatively affects long-term goals like getting good grades.

Question 16

To the extent that Romano gets up early to study for his math test next week as opposed to lying in bed for an extra hour, he is displaying self-_________. To the extent that he chooses to lie in bed, he is displaying _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To the extent that Romano gets up...

Question 17

I am most likely to gorge on cookies before dinner when I am in a _____ environment.
A) low reinforcement
B) high reinforcement
C) variable reinforcement
D) moderate reinforcement

Accepted Answer

In a low reinforcement environment, there are fewer incentives or rewards for self-control, making it more likely to indulge in immediate gratification like eating cookies before dinner.

Question 18

According to the ego-depletion model of self-control, which of the following should be most difficult after a period of time in which you have had to exercise a lot of self-control?
A) Sleeping
B) Eating
C) Relaxing
D) Concentrating

Accepted Answer

The ego-depletion model of self-control suggests that self-control is a limited resource. After exercising a lot of self-control, it becomes more difficult to exert self-control or engage in tasks that require it, such as concentrating.

Question 19

In keeping with the Ainslie -Rachlin model of self-control, am I most likely to choose $50 over a $100 when the choice is between obtaining (A) $50 now versus $100 a year from now or (B) $50 a year from now versus $100 two years from now? I would choose alternative _________, which means that I tend to become impulsive when the smaller sooner reward is (imminent/delayed) _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In keeping with the Ainslie -Rachlin model...

Question 20

Behavioral contracting, in which a client negotiates a contract with a therapist to help control certain behaviors, operates on the principle of _____.
A) SSR
B) LLR
C) commitment response
D) impulsive commitment

Accepted Answer

Behavioral contracting operates on the principle of commitment response, where the act of committing to a specific behavior change in a formal way (such as through a contract) increases the likelihood of following through with that change.

Quiz 10: Choice Matching and Self Control

Janice found that after focusing for a long time on her assignment, she was unable to resist eating a chocolate bar and she just could not force herself to go for her usual evening run. Which of the following models predicts this loss of "willpower"?

A commitment response is an action carried out at an early point in time that:

Telling your parents to severely chastise you if you watch television rather than study this weekend is best described as an example of a:

In a typical self-control situation, a commitment response is most likely to be made when

According to the matching law, the proportion of _ emitted on a certain schedule will roughly equal the proportion of _ obtained on that schedule

I am most likely to make a commitment response to go running this evening

Factors that would likely increase impulsiveness include:

According to the _ law, if 25% of reinforcers are obtained on one of two simultaneously available schedules, then _ of responses are likely to be emitted on that schedule.

According to the _____ model, each individual choice on a self-control task slightly increases or decreases the likelihood of obtaining the long-term goal.

In order to be most effective, when should a commitment response be made?

The small-but-cumulative effects model points out that we are always confronted with temptation. According to this model, it is important to establish _____.

From a temporal perspective, lack of self-control arises from the fact that our behavior is more heavily influenced by _ consequences as opposed to _ consequences.

Carolyn tells her brother that he can borrow her car for the entire weekend if she does not put in three hours of studying that evening. Carolyn's promise is an example of a _ response that is more likely to have been made _.

Playing video games instead of studying for one evening will ___ have significant effects on your long term goal of getting good grades, but according to the _ model, the effects of such choices are ___.

To the extent that Romano gets up early to study for his math test next week as opposed to lying in bed for an extra hour, he is displaying self-_. To the extent that he chooses to lie in bed, he is displaying _.

I am most likely to gorge on cookies before dinner when I am in a _____ environment.

According to the ego-depletion model of self-control, which of the following should be most difficult after a period of time in which you have had to exercise a lot of self-control?

Behavioral contracting, in which a client negotiates a contract with a therapist to help control certain behaviors, operates on the principle of _____.