Question 1

Because all your friends are concerned about your feeling depressed lately, you decide to walk around all day with a smile on your face trying to look happy. By the end of the day, you actually begin to feel happier. The theory of emotion that best explains this phenomenon is ____.​

Accepted Answer

James's peripheral theory (also known as the James-Lange theory) suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. In this case, the act of smiling can lead to physiological changes that the brain interprets as happiness, thus making you feel happier. This theory posits that the physical expression of an emotion can actually lead to the experience of that emotion.

Question 2

You are watching Christina Aguilera on MTV Cribs . As she walks through her backyard, she trips over a rake, falls to the ground, and gets all dirty. You laugh uncontrollably and cannot help but smile for the next few minutes. In this situation, the ____ motor system is controlling your facial expressions.​

Accepted Answer

The extrapyramidal motor system is responsible for involuntary reflexes and movements, including the control of facial expressions that occur in response to emotions such as laughter.

Question 3

An experimenter shows that individuals can be made to experience emotions by direct stimulation of heart activity and respiration. Depending on the pattern of this stimulation, different emotions are experienced. Which theory of emotion would best be supported by the above evidence?​

Accepted Answer

James's peripheral theory of emotion suggests that emotions are the result of physical changes in the body, including heart activity and respiration. The evidence provided supports this theory by showing that direct stimulation of these physical processes can lead to the experience of different emotions.

Question 4

Tyra is about to go on the Millennium Force roller coaster at Cedar Point amusement park. As she gets on the coaster, she finds that her mouth is dry, her hands are sweaty, and her heartbeat has increased. The ____ nervous system is responsible for Tyra's bodily changes.​

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response, which includes increased heart rate, sweating, and dry mouth. These bodily changes prepare the body for action in response to perceived danger or stress, which could be the case for someone about to go on a roller coaster.

Question 5

In a research study, participants are asked to rate the funniness of a cartoon while either just looking at it or holding a pencil with their teeth. Those who rate the cartoon while holding a pencil with their teeth rate the cartoon as funnier. Because the facial muscles for a smile are similar to those required to hold a pencil in one's mouth, the results of this experiment support ____ theory of emotion.​

Accepted Answer

James's peripheral theory of emotion suggests that physiological responses (like the facial muscle activity involved in holding a pencil between one's teeth, which mimics a smile) can influence emotional experiences. In this study, the act of holding a pencil in a way that simulates a smiling expression led participants to rate cartoons as funnier, aligning with James's theory that physical states can affect emotions.

Question 6

We can usually control whether we cry, but we can't usually control whether we feel sorrow. This illustrates that emotions ____.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of We can usually control whether we cry,...

Question 7

Sandy looks at the final exam and becomes upset when she discovers that it covers two chapters she did not read. As a result, neurons in Sandy's ____ system are releasing the neurotransmitter ____ at the target organs.​

Accepted Answer

This situation involves stress and anxiety caused by an academic situation, which activates the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic system releases norepinephrine at the target organs to initiate the "fight or flight" response. Choice D correctly matches the sympathetic system with the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

Question 8

You are just ready to pull into a parking place when another driver pulls into the spot from the opposite direction. Angry, you walk into the store and bump into a person blocking the aisle. Then you tell a father that he should keep his loud child quiet. Your frustration from the parking lot incident has triggered a(n)____, causing you to behave rudely to other people.​

Accepted Answer

An action tendency is the urge or impulse to act in a certain way when presented with a specific situation or stimulus. In this case, the frustration from the parking lot incident has triggered an action tendency that is causing the person to behave rudely towards others.

Question 9

Vern was quite nervous during his atmospheric science final exam. A few hours afterward, Vern has calmed down, allowing his ____ nervous system to release ____ and focus on functions of protection and growth.​

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for relaxation and restorative functions, allowing the body to focus on growth and protection. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released by the parasympathetic system. Therefore, option B is the correct choice.

Question 10

While using his do-it-yourself brain surgery kit, Ryan accidentally damages his right hemisphere. Now when Ryan hears a joke, he ____.​

Accepted Answer

The right hemisphere of the brain is associated with emotional processing and the recognition of humor. Damage to this area may impair Ryan's ability to find things funny and react with laughter, even if he cognitively understands the joke.

Question 11

Rosa is trying to decide where to go to college. She could go to the University of Hawaii where the weather is beautiful, but the tuition is high and she would be a long way from home. She could also go to the University of Chicago where she would be close to her family and have a scholarship, but she's tired of the cold winters and would like to live in a different state. Rosa is faced with a(n)____ conflict.​

Accepted Answer

Rosa is considering multiple options (University of Hawaii and University of Chicago), each with their own appealing and unappealing aspects, which is characteristic of a multiple approach-avoidance conflict.

Question 12

Roberto is getting extremely angry. His body is experiencing the fight-flight reaction, caused by the ____.​

Accepted Answer

The fight-flight response is caused by the release of norepinephrine by the sympathetic nervous system. This response prepares the body to either fight or flee from a perceived threat.

Question 13

Leslie has eaten lunch and relaxes on the couch with a good book. At that moment in time, the ____ nervous system is stimulating her body to increase digestion and obtain more nutrients from the food she ate.​

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for rest and digestion activities. It stimulates the body to increase digestion and absorption of nutrients from the food that Leslie ate, promoting relaxation and rest.

Question 14

Serena is upset that she is not allowed to push the shopping cart at the grocery store. She cries for several minutes, but once her mother asks her to help select items from the shelf, Serena is smiling and happy. This scenario shows that emotions tend to be ____.​

Accepted Answer

The fact that Serena goes from being upset to happy once she is given a new task suggests that her emotions are temporary and can easily shift. This indicates that emotions are not controlled solely by moods or exclusively negative. There is not enough information to suggest that emotions are objective in this scenario.

Question 15

Because Lola's mouth is dry, her hands are sweaty, and her heartbeat has increased, she experiences the emotion of "fear." This is consistent with ____ theory of emotion.​

Accepted Answer

James's peripheral theory of emotion suggests that physiological reactions (like a dry mouth, sweaty hands, and increased heartbeat) occur first, and then these reactions are interpreted as specific emotions (in this case, fear).

Question 16

After several stories in the news about a strangler in a blue van attacking women, Kelly becomes afraid of public places and pays more attention to any dark-colored vans. Kelly's emotions have ____.​

Accepted Answer

Kelly's emotions have altered her thought processes, leading her to pay more attention to dark-colored vans and feel afraid of public places.

Question 17

Which situation is most consistent with the facial feedback hypothesis?​

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial expressions can influence emotional experiences. Thus, an actor smiling on stage to become happy aligns with this hypothesis, as it implies that the act of smiling can induce feelings of happiness.

Question 18

Lie detector tests use what assumption in detecting liars?​

Accepted Answer

Lie detector tests assume that lying is emotionally arousing, as the test measures physiological responses such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, which are believed to increase when a person is lying or feeling stressed.

Question 19

J.T. is taking a lie detector test as part of an ongoing investigation into a recent bank robbery. The investigators hope that the polygraph will reveal any dishonesty because different patterns of physiological activity are associated with different emotions, such as guilt. The investigators most likely ascribe to ____ theory of emotion.​

Accepted Answer

James's peripheral theory of emotion suggests that physiological responses occur first and are then interpreted as different emotions. In the context of a lie detector test, the idea is that lying would produce specific physiological responses (such as increased heart rate or sweating) that could then be interpreted as signs of guilt or dishonesty.

Question 20

Sharise lands a small role in a local play. However, two days later, she sustains head injuries in a car accident. After the accident, Sharise can no longer voluntarily look angry on stage when she does not actually feel the emotion of anger. Sharise most likely has damaged her ____ motor system.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sharise lands a small role in a...

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion

Because all your friends are concerned about your feeling depressed lately, you decide to walk around all day with a smile on your face trying to look happy. By the end of the day, you actually begin to feel happier. The theory of emotion that best explains this phenomenon is ____.

An experimenter shows that individuals can be made to experience emotions by direct stimulation of heart activity and respiration. Depending on the pattern of this stimulation, different emotions are experienced. Which theory of emotion would best be supported by the above evidence?

Tyra is about to go on the Millennium Force roller coaster at Cedar Point amusement park. As she gets on the coaster, she finds that her mouth is dry, her hands are sweaty, and her heartbeat has increased. The ____ nervous system is responsible for Tyra's bodily changes.

We can usually control whether we cry, but we can't usually control whether we feel sorrow. This illustrates that emotions ____.

Sandy looks at the final exam and becomes upset when she discovers that it covers two chapters she did not read. As a result, neurons in Sandy's system are releasing the neurotransmitter at the target organs.

Vern was quite nervous during his atmospheric science final exam. A few hours afterward, Vern has calmed down, allowing his nervous system to release and focus on functions of protection and growth.

While using his do-it-yourself brain surgery kit, Ryan accidentally damages his right hemisphere. Now when Ryan hears a joke, he ____.

Roberto is getting extremely angry. His body is experiencing the fight-flight reaction, caused by the ____.

Leslie has eaten lunch and relaxes on the couch with a good book. At that moment in time, the ____ nervous system is stimulating her body to increase digestion and obtain more nutrients from the food she ate.

Serena is upset that she is not allowed to push the shopping cart at the grocery store. She cries for several minutes, but once her mother asks her to help select items from the shelf, Serena is smiling and happy. This scenario shows that emotions tend to be ____.

Because Lola's mouth is dry, her hands are sweaty, and her heartbeat has increased, she experiences the emotion of "fear." This is consistent with ____ theory of emotion.

After several stories in the news about a strangler in a blue van attacking women, Kelly becomes afraid of public places and pays more attention to any dark-colored vans. Kelly's emotions have ____.

Which situation is most consistent with the facial feedback hypothesis?

Lie detector tests use what assumption in detecting liars?

Sharise lands a small role in a local play. However, two days later, she sustains head injuries in a car accident. After the accident, Sharise can no longer voluntarily look angry on stage when she does not actually feel the emotion of anger. Sharise most likely has damaged her ____ motor system.