Question 1

Hank the hummingbird has been isolated since birth. When he is released into the company of an attractive female hummingbird, he almost immediately begins the courtship ritual. Hank's behavior shows that ____.​

Accepted Answer

Hank's behavior demonstrates species-specific behaviors, which are innate and inherited patterns that do not require learning or socialization. Fixed action patterns, such as hummingbird courtship rituals, are triggered by specific stimuli and carried out automatically without conscious decision-making. Hank's behavior supports the idea that animals have innate behaviors that are genetically programmed and do not require prior experience or learning.

Question 2

Erick is a psychologist who depends on methods and strategies from more than one discipline of psychology. In other words, Erick takes a(n)____ approach to the study of psychology.​

Accepted Answer

An eclectic approach in psychology refers to the use of methods and concepts from various disciplines, rather than relying on a single approach. This approach allows psychologists to draw from various perspectives in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the issue at hand. Therefore, Erick's approach to psychology is likely eclectic.

Question 3

During lunch, Tara says, "I am reading this book called On the Origin of Species , and the author has some really bizarre ideas about why we think and act as we do." Thom replies, "Yeah, I read that book. It was written by Charles Darwin. I liked the discussion on ____." ​

Accepted Answer

The mention of Charles Darwin and his book On the Origin of Species indicates that the topic being discussed is likely related to evolution and natural selection. Option D is the best choice as it directly relates to Darwin's theory presented in the book. Options A and B refer to early schools of psychology that emerged after Darwin's time, and option C is not directly relevant to Darwin's theory of evolution.

Question 4

Barry is looking for a journal article on childhood resilience that supports the biological approach to psychology. Which keyword(s)will be most helpful to Barry in his search?​

Accepted Answer

The keyword "genetic influence" is most closely aligned with the biological approach to psychology and can help Barry find articles that support this approach in relation to childhood resilience.

Question 5

Within a scientific discipline, the focus of investigation is often cyclical in nature. In psychology, the cycle is represented by an emphasis on the study of ____ in the 1880s and on the study of ____ in the 1980s.​

Accepted Answer

The emphasis on the study of conscious experience in psychology in the 1880s is represented by the school of thought known as structuralism, which focused on introspection and subjective experience. In the 1980s, the focus shifted to the study of cognitive processes, such as attention, memory, and problem-solving, which were studied through methods such as information processing models and cognitive neuroscience. This shift in focus is known as the cognitive revolution in psychology. Therefore, the best choice is B, conscious experience; cognitive processes.

Question 6

Debi notices that her seven-year-old daughter often gives wrong answers before giving the right answers when playing word games. Debi suspects her daughter does this for several reasons; her brain is still forming, she has learned it will earn her attention, and her problem-solving skills are ever-changing. Debi's explanation best reflects a(n)____ approach to psychology.​

Accepted Answer

Debi's explanation reflects an eclectic approach because she considers multiple factors (brain development, learned behavior for attention, and evolving problem-solving skills) that influence her daughter's behavior, indicating a combination of different psychological perspectives rather than adhering to a single theory or approach.

Question 7

A psychologist with a humanistic approach would state that behavior is driven by ____.​

Accepted Answer

A psychologist with a humanistic approach believes that humans have free will and make choices based on their own individual experiences and perceptions, rather than being controlled by instincts, genetics, or external rewards.

Question 8

Your friend claims that altruism, cooperation, aggression, and other social behaviors increase the chances of human survival and are genetically encoded and passed on from generation to generation. Your friend is supporting the ____ approach.​

Accepted Answer

The statement about behaviors increasing the chances of survival and being genetically encoded supports the evolutionary approach, which focuses on how biological and environmental factors influence the evolution and development of behavior.

Question 9

Keith believes that his behavior reflects his unconscious struggles to satisfy his desires for sex and food and the need to abide by the restrictions of society. His roommate thinks his behavior reflects an excessive amount of hormones. Keith's approach regarding his behavior is ____, and his roommate has a(n)____ approach.​

Accepted Answer

Keith's belief that his behavior reflects his unconscious struggles to satisfy his desires for sex and food and the need to abide by the restrictions of society align with the psychodynamic approach, which focuses on the unconscious mind and how it influences behavior. His roommate's belief that his behavior reflects an excessive amount of hormones aligns with the biological approach, which focuses on the role of biology and genetics in behavior.

Question 10

Ogun was constantly fearful and tense. He went to a psychiatrist to receive treatment. Although Ogun expected to talk his problems over with the psychiatrist, the doctor talked only briefly to Ogun and prescribed a pill to help him relax. The doctor was treating Ogun with a ____ approach.​

Accepted Answer

The fact that the doctor prescribed a pill indicates that the treatment is biological in nature, focusing on the chemical imbalances in the brain and the use of medication to resolve them. This approach does not involve extensive talking therapy, as in psychodynamic or cognitive approaches, or the use of behavioral interventions to modify specific behaviors, as in the behavioral approach.

Question 11

Jorie thinks that the attention her little brother gets when he has tantrums actually encourages him to have more tantrums. Jorie's explanation is based on a____ approach.​

Accepted Answer

Jorie's explanation suggests that her brother's behavior (tantrums) is being reinforced by attention, which is a key concept in the behavioral approach. The psychodynamic approach emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in shaping behavior, while the cognitive approach focuses on how individuals perceive and interpret events. The humanistic approach emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.

Question 12

In research on depression, Dr. Calhoun has subjects keep track of their negative and pessimistic thoughts so those thoughts can be examined to determine how realistic they actually are. Dr. Calhoun is using a(n)____ approach.​

Accepted Answer

Dr. Calhoun's approach involves examining the negative and pessimistic thoughts of individuals, suggesting that she is using the cognitive approach. This approach focuses on how our thoughts and beliefs influence our emotions and behavior. The other options (humanistic, psychodynamic, and eclectic) do not involve examining negative thoughts in the same way.

Question 13

Aaron believes that drug abuse occurs because abusers produce more of certain brain chemicals and because they perceive drugs to be their salvation. Aaron advocates which two approaches in psychology?​

Accepted Answer

Aaron's belief in the role of brain chemicals in drug abuse suggests a biological perspective, while his belief in the role of perception suggests a humanistic perspective. Therefore, the best choice is D, biological and humanistic.

Question 14

Dr. Allera studies how brain activity is related to depressed and anxious behavior in college students. Dr. Allera probably takes the ____ approach to psychology.​

Accepted Answer

Dr. Allera's focus on brain activity indicates a biological approach to psychology, which seeks to understand behavior and mental processes through physical and biological factors.

Question 15

Adzure and Anton are identical twins, each born with a special ability. Adzure is able to dispense two aspirin from the bottle without any difficulty. Anton is able to find mates-easily and often. According to natural selection, if all other attributes are equal, who is more likely to survive, and why?​

Accepted Answer

According to natural selection, the ability to pass on one's genes is the most important factor for survival. Anton's ability to find mates easily and often will increase his chances of passing on his genes, making him more likely to survive. Adzure's ability to dispense two aspirin from the bottle without any difficulty is not directly related to survival and reproduction.

Question 16

Researchers have found that infants may have an innate ability to respond to faces. These researchers suggest that an interest in human faces may have developed because it helps newborns focus on their only source of food and care. These researchers are most likely following a(n)____ approach.​

Accepted Answer

The researchers are taking an evolutionary approach by suggesting that the interest in human faces is innate and developed to aid survival in newborns by helping them focus on their source of food and care.

Question 17

Sharya believes that people's patterns of thoughts and judgments motivate them to behave in certain ways. Sharya's views are most consistent with the ____ approach to psychology.​

Accepted Answer

Sharya's belief that people's patterns of thoughts and judgments motivate their behavior aligns with the cognitive approach to psychology. This approach focuses on how individuals process information and how their thought processes influence their behavior. The other options - psychodynamic, evolutionary, and behavioral - do not specifically address the role of thoughts and judgments in behavior.

Question 18

A philosopher who claims that "life is directed by one's thoughts" would be stating a position most consistent with the ____ approach to psychology.​

Accepted Answer

The cognitive approach in psychology emphasizes the role of mental processes such as thinking, perception, and memory in guiding behavior. The philosopher's statement about the importance of thoughts in directing one's life aligns with the cognitive approach.

Question 19

Six-year-old Jean hits another child and steals the child's lunch money. A psychologist who takes a psychodynamic approach would suggest that Jean ____.​

Accepted Answer

According to the psychodynamic approach, Jean's behavior is influenced by unconscious drives and impulses. The aggression and stealing behavior observed in this scenario may stem from unresolved conflicts in Jean's unconscious mind, such as feelings of jealousy, anger or a desire for power.

Question 20

Achmed claims that men are more aggressive than women because in the past, being aggressive increased men's reproductive chances. Clarisse argues that this difference is a result of men being rewarded and women being punished for being aggressive. Achmed is taking the ____ approach, while Clarisse is taking the ____ approach to understanding aggressiveness.​

Accepted Answer

Achmed's argument that men's aggression is a result of evolution and reproductive advantage is consistent with the evolutionary approach. Clarisse's argument that societal rewards and punishment contribute to gender differences in aggression is consistent with the behavioral approach. Therefore, the best choice is A) evolutionary; behavioral.

Quiz 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology

Hank the hummingbird has been isolated since birth. When he is released into the company of an attractive female hummingbird, he almost immediately begins the courtship ritual. Hank's behavior shows that ____.

Erick is a psychologist who depends on methods and strategies from more than one discipline of psychology. In other words, Erick takes a(n) ____ approach to the study of psychology.

During lunch, Tara says, "I am reading this book called On the Origin of Species , and the author has some really bizarre ideas about why we think and act as we do." Thom replies, "Yeah, I read that book. It was written by Charles Darwin. I liked the discussion on ____."

Barry is looking for a journal article on childhood resilience that supports the biological approach to psychology. Which keyword(s) will be most helpful to Barry in his search?

Within a scientific discipline, the focus of investigation is often cyclical in nature. In psychology, the cycle is represented by an emphasis on the study of in the 1880s and on the study of in the 1980s.

A psychologist with a humanistic approach would state that behavior is driven by ____.

Your friend claims that altruism, cooperation, aggression, and other social behaviors increase the chances of human survival and are genetically encoded and passed on from generation to generation. Your friend is supporting the ____ approach.

Ogun was constantly fearful and tense. He went to a psychiatrist to receive treatment. Although Ogun expected to talk his problems over with the psychiatrist, the doctor talked only briefly to Ogun and prescribed a pill to help him relax. The doctor was treating Ogun with a ____ approach.

Jorie thinks that the attention her little brother gets when he has tantrums actually encourages him to have more tantrums. Jorie's explanation is based on a____ approach.

In research on depression, Dr. Calhoun has subjects keep track of their negative and pessimistic thoughts so those thoughts can be examined to determine how realistic they actually are. Dr. Calhoun is using a(n) ____ approach.

Aaron believes that drug abuse occurs because abusers produce more of certain brain chemicals and because they perceive drugs to be their salvation. Aaron advocates which two approaches in psychology?

Dr. Allera studies how brain activity is related to depressed and anxious behavior in college students. Dr. Allera probably takes the ____ approach to psychology.

Researchers have found that infants may have an innate ability to respond to faces. These researchers suggest that an interest in human faces may have developed because it helps newborns focus on their only source of food and care. These researchers are most likely following a(n) ____ approach.

Sharya believes that people's patterns of thoughts and judgments motivate them to behave in certain ways. Sharya's views are most consistent with the ____ approach to psychology.

A philosopher who claims that "life is directed by one's thoughts" would be stating a position most consistent with the ____ approach to psychology.

Six-year-old Jean hits another child and steals the child's lunch money. A psychologist who takes a psychodynamic approach would suggest that Jean ____.