Question 1

Lyndon Johnson sent more American troops to South Vietnam because
A) he wanted to stop the South Vietnamese policy of giving free land to the peasants.
B) he believed that the combined forces of the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese army would have taken over all of Vietnam if he hadn't.
C) he wanted to conquer all of Vietnam.
D) he planned to establish Vietnam as a staging point for an American military onslaught into China.
E) he viewed all of Vietnam as the perfect target for a final Cold War nuclear confrontation.

Accepted Answer

Lyndon Johnson believed that if he did not send more troops to South Vietnam, the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese army would have taken over all of Vietnam. He feared that this would lead to a domino effect in which other countries in Southeast Asia would also fall to communism. This idea was known as the "domino theory."

Question 2

What was the status of the relationship between the Soviet Union and Mao Zedong's China in the 1950s and 1960s?
A) It remained unchanged.
B) It was altered by the Soviet Union's increased interest in increasing world tensions, especially with the militarily dangerous United Nations.
C) It was weakened by Mao Zedong's belief that, after Stalin's death, Mao's status as the most experienced Marxist ruler should make him the leading socialist.
D) It was destroyed by Mao's threat to occupy southeastern Siberia if the Soviet government continued to make, test, and store nuclear weapons there.
E) It improved because of a joint fear of the United States' ambitions in South Asia.

Accepted Answer

Mao Zedong's belief that he should be the leading socialist after Stalin's death weakened the relationship between the Soviet Union and China. The Soviet Union did not agree with Mao's ideas and this created tension between the two countries.

Question 3

The expression "new world order" refers to the optimistic hopes and expectations that resulted from the end of
A) World War II.
B) the Korean War.
C) the Second Vietnam War.
D) the Cold War.
E) Star Wars.

Accepted Answer

The term "new world order" is often associated with the period following the end of the Cold War, when there was optimism about a new era of global cooperation and peace.

Question 4

Who took the first steps to opening the door with China and ending its long isolation from the West?
A) Hubert Humphrey and Lyndon Johnson
B) John F. Kennedy and John Foster Dulles
C) Dwight Eisenhower and Dean Rusk
D) Harry Truman and Dean Acheson
E) Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger

Accepted Answer

Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger took the first steps to opening the door with China and ending its long isolation from the West. In 1972, Nixon became the first U.S. president to visit China, leading to a normalization of relations between the two countries. Kissinger played a key role in the diplomatic negotiations and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts.

Question 5

The Marshall Plan was a military alliance directed against Soviet aggression.

Accepted Answer

The Marshall Plan was an economic plan to rebuild Western Europe after World War II, not a military alliance.

Question 6

In 1972, the United States and Soviet Union
A) reached an agreement in the Helsinki Accords.
B) brought the world to the brink of nuclear war in Cuba.
C) struggled to be victorious in Vietnam.
D) faced off in Afghanistan.
E) signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 1972, the United States and Soviet...

Question 7

According to the concept of ____, the best way to avoid nuclear war between the superpowers was if each side maintained a roughly equal military.
A) containment
B) equivalence
C) peaceful coexistence
D) détente
E) nonalignment

Accepted Answer

The concept described here is known as "equivalence," which was the idea that a balance of military power between the United States and Soviet Union could prevent nuclear war. This idea informed a range of policies and strategies during the Cold War, including arms control agreements and efforts to maintain strategic parity.

Question 8

The term 'Iron Curtain' was first used by Nikita Krushchev.

Accepted Answer

The term 'Iron Curtain' was first used by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1946.

Question 9

Who referred to the Soviet Union as  the "Evil Empire"?
A) Ronald Reagan
B) Douglas MacArthur
C) Harry Truman
D) Lyndon Johnson
E) Jimmy Carter.

Accepted Answer

Ronald Reagan referred to the Soviet Union as the "Evil Empire" in a speech to the National Association of Evangelicals on March 8, 1983.

Question 10

The Geneva Conference of 1954 divided Vietnam at the 17^th parallel but envisioned unification elections would be held by 1956.

Accepted Answer

The Geneva Conference of 1954 did divide Vietnam at the 17th parallel and envisioned unification elections to be held by 1956.

Question 11

The Soviet leader who made the first moves toward easing the Cold War and improving relations with the West was
A) Nikita Khrushchev.
B) Leonid Brezhnev.
C) Georgy Malenkov.
D) Josef Stalin.
E) Mikhail Gorbachev.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Soviet leader who made the first...

Question 12

During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy approved a plan to assassinate Fidel Castro.

Accepted Answer

During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy focused on diplomatic and military strategies to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba, not on a plan to assassinate Fidel Castro.

Question 13

In spite of President Eisenhower's promise in the 1950s to "roll back" communism, in reality United States officials realized that any intervention in Eastern Europe could lead to nuclear war.

Accepted Answer

President Eisenhower and other officials recognized that military intervention in Eastern Europe could escalate into a devastating nuclear conflict with the Soviet Union. Therefore, the policy of containing communism and promoting democracy was pursued through non-military means such as economic assistance, propaganda, and diplomacy.

Question 14

As a result of the American opening to China,
A) joint pressure was applied to ease Indian troops out of Sri Lanka.
B) the two sides agreed to set aside their differences over Taiwan.
C) the Chinese and Americans officially broke relations with the Soviet Union.
D) the United States rejected the concept of the reunification of Taiwan with the mainland.
E) cooperation between America and China, for the purpose of curtailing Soviet Asian encroachment, disappeared.

Accepted Answer

The opening to China led to an agreement between the United States and China to set aside their differences over Taiwan. This is known as the "One China" policy, in which both sides agree that there is only one China and that Taiwan is a part of China. This was a significant shift in U.S. policy towards Taiwan, which had previously supported the idea of Taiwan as a separate and independent nation.

Question 15

What was true of the Diem regime in Vietnam?
A) It would win the Vietnam War.
B) It was the reason for the Tet Offensive.
C) It was supported by Chinese officials.
D) It was supported with military training and troops by the U.S.
E) It was overthrown by U.S. military officials with President Kennedy's approval.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was true of the Diem regime...

Question 16

After a peace treaty was signed in Paris in 1973 to end the Second Indochinese War,
A) President Johnson decided to escalate the fighting in nearby Laos.
B) North and South Vietnam settled their differences peacefully.
C) America took control of all of Vietnam.
D) negotiations between North and South Vietnam broke down, and two years later, the North defeated the South.
E) the United States elected Richard Nixon to be its new president.

Accepted Answer

The peace treaty signed in Paris in 1973 only ended the United States' direct involvement in the war. Despite the treaty, negotiating between North and South Vietnam broke down, and two years later, the North defeated the South, ending the war. The other options (A, B, C, and E) are not accurate regarding the outcome of the Paris Peace Accords.

Question 17

The leader who sought to prevent Soviet economic collapse and helped bring about the end of the Cold War was
A) Richard Nixon
B) Harry Truman
C) Ronald Reagan
D) Nikita Khrushchev
E) Mikhail Gorbachev

Accepted Answer

Mikhail Gorbachev was the Soviet leader who implemented policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) aimed at reforming the Soviet economy, which was struggling due to years of poor management and overspending on military endeavors. His reforms ultimately led to the end of the Cold War as well as the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Question 18

The 1975 agreement that recognized all central and eastern European borders that had been established since the end of World War II, and committed the signers to the human rights of its citizens, was the
A) Stuttgart Memorandum.
B) Geneva Settlement.
C) Helsinki Accord.
D) Vienna Accord.
E) Tashkent Pact.

Accepted Answer

The agreement described is the Helsinki Accord, signed in 1975 by the majority of European nations as well as the US and Canada. This agreement was seen as an attempt to reduce tensions between the Soviet Union and its satellites in Eastern Europe and the West. It recognized the post-World War II borders of Europe (including the Soviet-dominated countries of Eastern Europe) and committed the signatories to respect human rights and individual freedoms.

Question 19

The Sino-Soviet dispute
A) was rooted in a struggle between the Chinese and the Soviets for control of Tibet.
B) was aggravated by the lack of Soviet support for Chinese efforts to reclaim Taiwan.
C) bore no relationship to the level of Soviet economic assistance to China.
D) saw Mao describe China as the international leader of industrialized nations.
E) produced a Soviet invasion of China in 1965.

Accepted Answer

The Sino-Soviet dispute was aggravated by the lack of Soviet support for Chinese efforts to reclaim Taiwan. The dispute also centered around ideological differences and competition for leadership within the communist world, as well as territorial issues such as border disputes. The level of Soviet economic assistance to China did play a role, as Soviet aid was often tied to political alignment and obedience. However, it was not the root cause of the dispute. Mao did not describe China as the international leader of industrialized nations, and there was no Soviet invasion of China in 1965. The struggle for control of Tibet was a minor factor in the dispute.

Question 20

The civil war in Poland between communists and democrats led to the Truman Doctrine in 1947.

Accepted Answer

The civil war in Poland during this time period was between communist and anti-communist forces. The Truman Doctrine was actually a response to the spread of communism in Europe, particularly in Greece and Turkey, and was intended to provide military and economic aid to these countries in order to contain the Soviet Union's influence in the region.

Quiz 26: East and West in the Grip of the Cold War

Lyndon Johnson sent more American troops to South Vietnam because

What was the status of the relationship between the Soviet Union and Mao Zedong's China in the 1950s and 1960s?

The expression "new world order" refers to the optimistic hopes and expectations that resulted from the end of

Who took the first steps to opening the door with China and ending its long isolation from the West?

The Marshall Plan was a military alliance directed against Soviet aggression.

In 1972, the United States and Soviet Union

According to the concept of ____, the best way to avoid nuclear war between the superpowers was if each side maintained a roughly equal military.

The term 'Iron Curtain' was first used by Nikita Krushchev.

Who referred to the Soviet Union as the "Evil Empire"?

The Geneva Conference of 1954 divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel but envisioned unification elections would be held by 1956.

The Soviet leader who made the first moves toward easing the Cold War and improving relations with the West was

During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy approved a plan to assassinate Fidel Castro.

In spite of President Eisenhower's promise in the 1950s to "roll back" communism, in reality United States officials realized that any intervention in Eastern Europe could lead to nuclear war.

As a result of the American opening to China,

What was true of the Diem regime in Vietnam?

After a peace treaty was signed in Paris in 1973 to end the Second Indochinese War,

The leader who sought to prevent Soviet economic collapse and helped bring about the end of the Cold War was

The 1975 agreement that recognized all central and eastern European borders that had been established since the end of World War II, and committed the signers to the human rights of its citizens, was the

The Sino-Soviet dispute

The civil war in Poland between communists and democrats led to the Truman Doctrine in 1947.

The Geneva Conference of 1954 divided Vietnam at the 17^th parallel but envisioned unification elections would be held by 1956.