Question 1

A ____________ allows for interception of a particular suspect's communications wherever they are made,dispensing with the normal requirement that interceptions be limited to a fixed location.

Accepted Answer

A roving wiretap allows law enforcement to intercept a suspect's communications regardless of their location, as opposed to a fixed location wiretap. A, C, and D are not accurate terms for this type of wiretap.

Question 2

In Berger v.New York (1967)the issue was the constitutionality of a New York statute that authorized electronic surveillance pursuant to a judicial warrant.In the case,the Court:

Accepted Answer

The Court invalidated the law because it failed to properly limit the nature, scope, or duration of the electronic surveillance, which violated the Fourth Amendment.

Question 3

Which of the following is a true statement concerning time limitations on the forensic examination phase of electronically stored information?

Accepted Answer

Law enforcement is often allowed a longer time period to conduct forensic examinations of electronically stored information due to the complexity and volume of data involved.

Question 4

Putting material ____________ means it is not accessible to anyone without a special court order.

Accepted Answer

"Under seal" is a legal term that signifies that the material is subject to confidentiality and can only be accessed with a court order or by specific authorized personnel. Option A, "under lock and key," could also be correct in some cases, but it is not as specific to legal proceedings as "under seal." Option B, "on-hold," is incorrect because it does not convey any sense of confidentiality or restriction of access. Option D, "en todos," is not a valid option at all as it is not an English phrase and does not make sense in this context.

Question 5

______________ concerns the use of scientific methods toward the preservation,collection,and interpretation of digital evidence from digital sources.

Accepted Answer

The description matches the field of computer forensics, which specifically applies scientific methods to digital evidence. While related fields like forensic computer information systems and electronic forensics may involve some overlap, they are not as specific to digital evidence. Computer science is a broader field that encompasses many different areas of study, and does not necessarily focus on forensic investigation of digital evidence.

Question 6

Regarding Title III,a(n)_____________________ person means a "person who was a party to any intercepted" wire or oral communication or "a person against whom the interception was directed."

Accepted Answer

An "aggrieved" person is defined in Title III as a "person who was a party to any intercepted" wire or oral communication or "a person against whom the interception was directed." This term is used in reference to the protections and rights afforded to such persons under Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968.

Question 7

Under the exigent circumstances exception,a law enforcement officer must apply for an interception order ___________ after the interception has occurred or begins to occur.

Accepted Answer

The exigent circumstances exception allows for interception of communications without a warrant in situations where there is a threat of imminent danger or harm. However, once the interception has occurred or begins to occur, the law enforcement officer must apply for an interception order as soon as practicable. This means that the officer has to apply for the order as soon as possible, given the circumstances, but not necessarily immediately or within a specific timeframe such as 48 hours. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 8

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA)authorizes courts to conduct ___________ of surveillance materials.

Accepted Answer

FISA authorizes courts to conduct closed review of surveillance materials, which means that the proceedings are secret and the public does not have access to the details of the surveillance activities. This is to protect sensitive national security information.

Question 9

When one party to a communication consents to the interception of the communication:

Accepted Answer

When one party consents to the interception of a communication, neither Title III nor the Fourth Amendment prevents its use in court against another party. Title III allows for one-party consent, and the Fourth Amendment does not apply as there is no reasonable expectation of privacy when one party consents.

Question 10

In Olmstead v.United States (1928),the Court held that wiretapping of telephone conversations:

Accepted Answer

In Olmstead v. United States, the Supreme Court held that wiretapping was not covered by the Fourth Amendment because it did not involve a physical intrusion into a person's property.

Question 11

In the case of Olmstead v.United States the Court decided that the practice of wiretapping was not covered by the Fourth Amendment.Which of the following was among the reasons?

Accepted Answer

The Court determined that wiretapping did not constitute a Fourth Amendment violation because it did not involve the seizure of tangible items, and therefore did not satisfy the definition of a "search and seizure." The Court also noted that the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places, and that the defendant did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in the intercepted conversations. Lastly, at the time of the decision, the exclusionary rule did not exist as a remedy for alleged Fourth Amendment violations, which may have also influenced the Court's decision.

Question 12

Neither Title III nor the Fourth Amendment requires law enforcement to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neither Title III nor the Fourth Amendment...

Question 13

The statutory-based exclusionary rule in title III:

Accepted Answer

The statutory-based exclusionary rule in title III applies to all three types of communications: wire, oral, and electronic. This means that evidence obtained through any of these forms of communication that violate the rules set forth in title III may be excluded from court proceedings.

Question 14

Within a reasonable time,but not later than ____ days after the termination of the period of an interception order an inventory must be served on the persons named in the order and on such other parties to intercepted communications as the judge determines in the interest of justice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Within a reasonable time,but not later than...

Question 15

A transfer containing the human voice at any point between and including the point of origin and the point of reception is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

Aural transfer refers to the transmission of sound, including the human voice, from the point of origin to the point of reception.

Question 16

Which of the following is not part of the appropriate process for gathering and analyzing Electronically Stored Information (ESI)following the issuance of a warrant?

Accepted Answer

Law enforcement officers typically do not examine the seized devices themselves; instead, forensic computer specialists conduct the examination for data described in a warrant.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a true statement concerning Title III?

Accepted Answer

Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 requires a reasonable expectation of privacy for its protections to apply.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a limitation that some courts impose on applications for search warrants for electronically stored information?

Accepted Answer

Limitations on how forensic evidence can be used in court is not a limitation that some courts impose on applications for search warrants for electronically stored information. The other options listed are all potential limitations that may be imposed.

Question 19

___________________ is defined as searches using wiretaps,bugs,or other devices to overhear conversation or obtain other kinds of information.

Accepted Answer

Electronic surveillance is the use of wiretaps or other electronic devices to intercept and overhear conversations or obtain other types of information. Covert surveillance and covert intelligence may also involve electronic surveillance, but they are broader terms that can encompass different methods of gathering information. The USA Patriot Act is a law that provides law enforcement agencies with expanded powers to conduct electronic surveillance and other intelligence-gathering activities in the interest of national security.

Question 20

The term ____________ is used to describe tools for hiding,destroying,or counterfeiting the information relied on by digital forensics experts.

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe these tools is specifically "anti-forensics", as they are designed to hinder or obstruct the work of digital forensics experts. The other options are not directly related to this concept.

Quiz 5: Searches for Electronically Stored Information and Electronic Surveillance