Question 1

Judgments are a(n)____ the decision-making process.

Accepted Answer

Judgments are a critical input into the decision-making process. They help individuals weigh different options and make a decision based on their evaluation of the available information. While judgments may ultimately lead to major outcomes, they are not necessarily the outcome themselves.

Question 2

A consumer sees an ad for a Nissan Altima.If the consumer's prior evaluation of the Nissan name is positive,additional information about the car obtained from the ad can then be used to adjust this initial value either upward or downward.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes the anchoring and adjustment process, where the consumer's prior positive evaluation of the Nissan name serves as an anchor or reference point. The additional information obtained from the ad can then be used to adjust this initial value either upward or downward.

Question 3

Options that are unacceptable to consumers are known as

Accepted Answer

The unacceptable options are known as the inept set. The other options (A, B, D, E) do not accurately describe this concept.

Question 4

Georgia imagined herself driving a rented convertible during her upcoming vacation to Hawaii.She imagined the view of the ocean,the smell of tropical flowers and the wind in her hair.However,when she actually got to Hawaii,it rained her entire visit and her rental car had engine problems.Georgia's imagery resulted in

Accepted Answer

Georgia's imagery was positive and optimistic, suggesting a positivity bias. Her actual experience and circumstances were negative, but her initial thoughts and expectations were positive.

Question 5

In planning a trip,we might judge how good or bad it is that Santa Barbara is fun and expensive.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The statement is expressing a judgment of whether Santa Barbara is a desirable destination or not, based on the attributes of being fun and expensive. This falls under the category of judgment of goodness and badness.

Question 6

In one study,consumers were asked to make judgments about ground beef.One group was told that the beef was 75 percent lean and another group was told that it was 25 percent fat.Even though these two statements contain identical information,the "lean" group produced significantly more positive ratings than the "fat" group.This process is called

Accepted Answer

This process is called framing, where the way information is presented can influence how people perceive it. In this case, the two statements have the same information but are framed differently - one positively as "lean" and the other negatively as "fat" - leading to different judgments about the ground beef.

Question 7

For some U.S.consumers,a negative feature of Japanese products is that these products are foreign.However,this shortcoming can be overcome if they are rated highly on other aspects,such as reliability and price.This is an example of a(n)____ model of decision making.

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes a compensatory model of decision making, where consumers weigh the positive and negative attributes of a product and make an overall evaluation. In this case, the foreign origin of the product is a negative attribute, but if the product rates highly on reliability and price, those positive attributes can compensate for the negative one. In a noncompensatory model, one negative attribute could rule out the product altogether, regardless of its positive attributes.

Question 8

Judgments do not require

Accepted Answer

Judgments involve evaluations and estimations based on information retrieval and processing, but they do not inherently require making a decision.

Question 9

When using a ____ model,consumers choose the brand that has the greatest number of positive features relative to the negative features.

Accepted Answer

The compensatory model takes into account both the positive and negative attributes of a brand and allows consumers to weigh each attribute based on its importance. Consumers choose the brand that has the greatest overall score, even if it may have some negative features. This is in contrast to the noncompensatory model, where a brand may be rejected if it has any negative features, regardless of its positive attributes. Attribute and classification models are different types of noncompensatory models, while brand is not a model but rather a specific product or service.

Question 10

A judgment of how probable something is to occur is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

The described judgment is essentially a subjective estimation of the chances of an event occurring, hence the term "estimation of likelihood". This rules out choices A, B, C, and D as they are unrelated.

Question 11

Before deciding to purchase a digital camera,Dan imagined himself using one in different contexts.This imagery would help Dan to

Accepted Answer

Imagining oneself using a product in different contexts can help estimate its likelihood, goodness, or badness which can contribute to making a decision to purchase.

Question 12

A commercial for the Nissan Altima contains two pieces of information: it is similar in style to a Jaguar but costs much less.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

When consumers first consider the price information, especially if it indicates a significantly lower cost compared to a high-end brand like Jaguar, they might infer that the lower price reflects lower quality, even if the style is comparable. This is because price often serves as an indicator of quality in consumer judgments.

Question 13

Focusing consumers' attention on certain attributes is a good way to increase the probability that judgments of their products and services are

Accepted Answer

The answer of Focusing consumers' attention on certain attributes is...

Question 14

In consumer judgment,starting with an initial evaluation and adjusting it with additional information is known as

Accepted Answer

The process of starting with an initial evaluation and adjusting it with additional information is called anchoring and adjustment. This involves using the initial piece of information as an anchor or reference point and then adjusting this assessment based on new information as it becomes available.

Question 15

Regarding laundry detergent brands,Nathan loved Tide and Bold,hated Suds and Bleach Out,and did not have much of an opinion about Stain Out.Stain Out is clearly in Nathan's

Accepted Answer

Stain Out is in Nathan's inert set because he does not have a strong opinion about it, indicating neither preference nor rejection.

Question 16

David was ready to buy a pair of pants he saw in the J Crew catalog that were priced at $25.00 until he noticed two other pairs of pants priced at $65.00 and $95.00.Suddenly the $25.00 pair of pants seemed too cheap.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the attraction effect, where the presence of a third, less attractive option (in this case, the $25.00 pants) can actually increase the appeal of the original option (in this case, the more expensive pants).

Question 17

A confirmation bias in processing information leads consumers to

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. This can lead consumers to overvalue information that supports their beliefs while dismissing information that contradicts them. As a result, consumers may become overconfident in their judgments and decisions, feeling that they have sufficient evidence to support their beliefs, even when they may not.

Question 18

Ryan likes expensive dark beer and often buys a six pack for his personal quaffing pleasure.However,when he invites his friends over for beers,he usually buys an inexpensive brand.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The consumer's goals, in this case, may include being able to enjoy high-quality beer for personal consumption while saving money when entertaining friends. This affects the criteria that drive his decision-making and leads to the selection of different beers for different occasions. This is an example of how a consumer's goals can influence their choices.

Question 19

While searching for information about models of an SUV,Tony did not even consider a Mitsubishi because he did not know that Mitsubishi offered an SUV.Thus the Mitsubishi SUV was in Tony's

Accepted Answer

The Mitsubishi SUV was in Tony's inert set because he was unaware of it as an option. The inert set includes options that consumers do not consider, typically due to lack of awareness or information.

Question 20

When a consumer is exposed to a new brand extension,the existing brand name can serve as a positive anchor for subsequent judgments by

Accepted Answer

The existing brand name can elicit prior affect from memory, which influences the consumer's perception and evaluation of the new brand extension positively.

Quiz 8: Judgment and Decision Making Based on High Effort

Judgments are a(n) ____ the decision-making process.