Question 1

Statistics from the National Center for Health Statistics show that the leading cause of death in the United States is a result of which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

According to the National Center for Health Statistics, heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for approximately 655,000 deaths each year. Cancer is the second leading cause of death, followed by accidents and then by chronic lower respiratory diseases, such as asthma and bronchitis. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death.

Question 2

The concepts of wellness, disease prevention, and health protection are subsumed in the definition of health promotion.

Accepted Answer

Health promotion includes activities and interventions that promote wellness, prevent disease, and protect health.

Question 3

Which of the following is fear-driven based on the appraisal of threats to health and individual coping mechanisms that move an individual toward adopting a health behavior?

Accepted Answer

Protection Motivation Theory is fear-driven and emphasizes the appraisal of threats to health and individual coping mechanisms as motivational factors that move an individual toward adopting a health behavior. The Consumer Information Processing Model focuses on how individuals process health information, the Theory of Planned Behavior emphasizes the role of attitudes, norms, and perceived control in predicting behaviors, and the Transtheoretical Model focuses on stages of behavior change.

Question 4

The major themes of empowerment, lifestyle change, health enhancement, and well-being are central in defining:

Accepted Answer

The major themes of empowerment, lifestyle change, health enhancement, and well-being are all key components of health promotion, which focuses on assisting individuals and communities to increase control over and to improve their health. Health protection typically involves measures taken by public health and healthcare professionals to safeguard individuals from infectious diseases, environmental hazards, and other health threats. Disease prevention aims to decrease the incidence and prevalence of specific illnesses through interventions such as vaccination, screening, and early detection programs. Wellness is a broader concept that encompasses physical, emotional, and mental health and emphasizes the active pursuit of a balanced and fulfilling life. However, while wellness is related to health promotion, it is not specifically defined by these themes.

Question 5

A patient expresses a sense of lack of control over achieving a sustained program of exercise. This behavior could best be explained through which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The Theory of Planned Behavior proposes that behavior is influenced by one's attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. In this case, the patient's sense of lack of control over achieving a sustained program of exercise can be explained by the perceived behavioral control component of the theory. This suggests that the patient may feel that external factors, such as lack of time or resources, are hindering their ability to engage in regular exercise, leading to a lack of control over their behavior.

Question 6

Any activity that helps people to change or to maintain lifestyles that support a stake of optimal health would be placed in which one of the following categories?

Accepted Answer

Health promotion refers to any activity that helps people to change or maintain lifestyles that support a state of optimal health. This can include activities such as exercise programs, nutrition education, stress management classes, and smoking cessation programs. Disease prevention, while related, specifically focuses on preventing the occurrence of a specific disease or illness. Common information and human behavior may be relevant to health promotion, but they are not specific categories for activities in this area.

Question 7

The Protection Motivation Theory has been most widely applied to areas related to disease prevention and lifestyle enhancement.

Accepted Answer

The Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) was developed to explain how people make decisions regarding health behaviors and has primarily been applied to areas related to disease prevention and lifestyle enhancement, such as safe sex practices, cancer prevention, and smoking cessation.

Question 8

A client is thinking about making a change in behavior toward a healthier lifestyle. This is representative of what stage of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change?

Accepted Answer

In the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change, the Contemplation stage is when an individual is thinking about making a change but has not yet committed to taking action. This stage involves recognizing a problem and considering the possibility of change within the foreseeable future.

Question 9

The first stage in the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change is:

Accepted Answer

The first stage in the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change is precontemplation, where an individual may not even be aware that a behavior needs to be changed. They have not yet considered the possibility of change and are not actively trying to make any changes.

Question 10

The Diffusion of Innovations Model has been found to be most useful for which of the following activities?

Accepted Answer

The Diffusion of Innovations Model is most useful for designing comprehensive community initiatives as it focuses on the process of how new ideas and technologies spread through a population. It examines the factors that influence adoption and implementation of an innovation within a community or society, making it a valuable tool for designing effective community initiatives.

Question 11

Which of the following terms represents a disease-related focus?

Accepted Answer

Health protection specifically focuses on preventing and controlling diseases, which is a disease-related focus. The other options focus on overall well-being or a holistic approach, but not necessarily solely on disease prevention or control.

Question 12

Health promotion and disease prevention are two terms that can be used interchangeably.

Accepted Answer

Health promotion focuses on improving overall well-being and preventing diseases by addressing broader social, economic, and environmental determinants of health, while disease prevention specifically aims to reduce the incidence of specific diseases through targeted interventions such as vaccinations and screenings.

Question 13

Risk reduction would be an important activity of which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

Health protection involves measures aimed at reducing risks associated with environmental or occupational hazards, infectious agents, and injuries. Therefore, risk reduction would be an important activity of health protection. Health behavior, health promotion, and self-efficacy are not specific concepts that focus on risk reduction as their primary goal.

Question 14

Theories and models of human behavior and health are helpful in:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Theories and models of human behavior and...

Question 15

The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change is most helpful in understanding which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change focuses on understanding why individuals do or do not make healthy behavior changes, including the different stages of change and factors impacting decision-making.

Question 16

Theories of human behavior and health are expansions of health-promotion models.

Accepted Answer

Theories of human behavior and health are broader and encompass various aspects, while health-promotion models are specific frameworks within these theories aimed at promoting health.

Question 17

Which of the following terms refers to a dynamic state of health that encompasses the capability and potential of the individual in functioning at the individual, environmental, cultural, and social levels?

Accepted Answer

High level wellness refers to a dynamic state of health that encompasses the capability and potential of the individual in functioning at the individual, environmental, cultural, and social levels. Disease prevention, health promotion, and health protection are all important aspects of maintaining high level wellness, but they do not encompass the full range of factors that contribute to overall health and well-being.

Question 18

A nurse assisting a client to appraise perceived benefits of and barriers to taking a particular action for better health is applying principles of which one of the following theories or model?

Accepted Answer

The nurse is using the Health Belief Model, which focuses on an individual's perceived susceptibility to a health problem, perceived severity of the problem, perceived benefits of taking action, and perceived barriers to taking action. The nurse is specifically helping the client appraise the perceived benefits and barriers to taking a particular action for better health.

Question 19

Which of the following outcomes reflects concepts in the Consumer Information Processing Model?

Accepted Answer

The Consumer Information Processing Model suggests that consumers go through stages of attention, comprehension, and retention of information when making decisions. Easy-to-read food labels would aid in these stages by attracting attention, aiding comprehension, and improving retention of information, ultimately leading to better decision making. The other options do not directly relate to concepts in the Consumer Information Processing Model.

Question 20

It is reported that 75% of all premature deaths are the result of unhealthy lifestyle choices related to tobacco use, misuse of drugs and alcohol, sedentary lifestyles, and accidents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is reported that 75% of all...

Quiz 3: Theoretical Foundations and Planning of Health Promotion