Question 1

Following a 12 week aerobic conditioning program, an individual running at a submaximal workload would be expected to have a(n) ______ circulating blood lactate level as compared to the value obtained at  that same absolute workload prior to the conditioning program.

Accepted Answer

Aerobic conditioning leads to an improvement in the body's ability to utilize oxygen, which reduces the reliance on anaerobic metabolism and the production of lactic acid. Therefore, after 12 weeks of aerobic conditioning, the individual running at a submaximal workload would be expected to have a somewhat lower circulating blood lactate level as compared to the value obtained at that same absolute workload prior to the conditioning program.

Question 2

Immediately following a chest and shoulder workout a 55-year-old male executive complains of a "dull ache" in the left side of the chest that is aggravated by respiration.  What would you consider is the source of the pain?

Accepted Answer

The pain is likely muscular due to the recent chest and shoulder workout, which can cause muscle strain or soreness, especially if aggravated by respiration.

Question 3

According to ACSM guidelines, the _____ is categorized under moderate risk for cardiovascular disease.

Accepted Answer

47 year old male with high blood pressure is categorized under moderate risk for cardiovascular disease according to ACSM guidelines.

Question 4

When proctoring the AHA/ACSM Health/Fitness Facility Preparticipation Screening Questionnaire to a new client, you learn that he may need to use a facility with a medically qualified staff or need a physician's referral.  What sole aspect of his history would put him in that category?

Accepted Answer

Experiencing chest discomfort with exertion could indicate a cardiovascular issue and would require further evaluation from a physician before beginning an exercise program. This would potentially require the client to use a facility with a medically qualified staff or have a physician's referral. High blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking are all risk factors for cardiovascular disease but do not necessarily require a medically qualified staff or physician referral for exercise programming.

Question 5

What tends to cause the symptoms of soreness that occur at 24-48 hours after a single bout of intensive exercise?

Accepted Answer

The soreness that occurs 24-48 hours after intensive exercise, also known as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), is caused by tiny tears in the muscle fibers, resulting in inflammation and pain. This type of soreness is not caused by lactic acid buildup or glycogen depletion, and excessive cortisol secretion may contribute to muscle breakdown but is not the primary cause of DOMS.

Question 6

What heart rate changes are observed as a result of chronic aerobic training?

Accepted Answer

Chronic aerobic training typically leads to a decrease in both resting heart rate and submaximal heart rate for a standard exercise task. This is due to an increase in the size and strength of the heart, which leads to an increase in stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped with each beat of the heart). As a result, the heart has to work less hard to meet the demands of the body during exercise and at rest.

Question 7

Cardiovascular adaptations to chronic endurance training include a(n)________ at a given fixed submaximal exercise intensity.

Accepted Answer

Chronic endurance training leads to an increase in stroke volume due to increased cardiac output and improved cardiovascular function. The heart muscle becomes stronger and more efficient, allowing it to pump blood with less effort. This leads to a decrease in resting heart rate and an increase in the amount of blood pumped per beat (stroke volume), resulting in a decrease in heart rate and an increase in stroke volume during exercise at a given fixed submaximal exercise intensity.

Question 8

According to ACSM guidelines, a _____ client who is beginning a/n _____ is recommended to obtain a medical examination and graded exercise test.

Accepted Answer

According to ACSM guidelines, individuals with known metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes should obtain medical clearance before engaging in exercise programs, especially if they are new to exercise.

Question 9

The stroke volume of a client who has a cardiac output of 5 liters per minute and a heart rate of 70 beats per minute is approximately _____.

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume is calculated by dividing cardiac output by heart rate. Here, 5000 mL/min divided by 70 beats/min equals approximately 71.4 mL/beat, which is closest to 70 mL.

Question 10

You have a new male client who is 68" (1.73m) tall, 36 years old, weighs 194 lbs (88 kg) and is cleared by his physician to begin an exercise program of moderate intensity.  Which constitutes a SMART weight loss goal for him?

Accepted Answer

Option B is the best choice for the client's weight loss goal. It follows the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound) principle:

Specific: The goal is to lose weight through walking.

Measurable: The client can track his progress by monitoring his weight every week.

Attainable: Losing 1-2 lbs (0.45-0.9 kg) per week is a reasonable and safe goal for the client.

Relevant: Walking at 3.8 mph (6.1 km/hr) on the treadmill is a moderate-intensity exercise that can help the client achieve his weight loss goal without putting too much stress on his joints.

Time-bound: The client will walk 40 minutes, 5 times a week.

Option A is also a good choice, but the goal of losing 2 lbs (0.9 kg) per week may not be sustainable in the long run. Option C is not a safe goal as losing 3-4 lbs (1.4-1.8 kg) per week is too aggressive, and cycling for an hour daily may not be practical for the client. Option D may not provide enough nutrients for the client's body to function properly.

Question 11

A process that entails conveying complete understanding to a client or patient about his or her options to choose to participate in a procedure, test, service, or program is known as a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is a process that involves providing the client or patient with all the necessary information about their options to choose to participate in a procedure, test, service, or program. This helps them to make an informed decision about whether or not they wish to participate, and it is an essential component of ethical and legal healthcare practice. Release or waiver refers to the client's agreement to release the healthcare provider from liability in the event of injury or harm, which is often required before participating in certain activities. Standard of care refers to the level of care and treatment that is expected of healthcare professionals in a given situation, while assurance of instruction does not apply to this context.

Question 12

One purpose of the pre-participation health screening is to ______.

Accepted Answer

The pre-participation health screening aims to identify clients who need physician clearance before starting an exercise program. This helps ensure their safety and reduces the risk of injury or adverse health events during exercise. It does not aim to eliminate the risk of sudden cardiac events or diagnose orthopedic conditions, although it may reveal information that prompts further evaluation by a healthcare provider. Establishing a relationship with the client's healthcare provider may be a beneficial outcome of the screening, but it is not the primary purpose.

Question 13

What is most likely the cause of light-headedness and dizziness experienced by an older adult who moves from a lying to a standing position?

Accepted Answer

When an older adult moves from a lying to a standing position, blood pools in the legs due to gravity. This decreases venous return to the heart, which then decreases cardiac output and blood pressure. This decrease in blood pressure can cause light-headedness and dizziness.

Question 14

Decreased muscle masses as a result of the aging process plays a role in ______ and ______.

Accepted Answer

Decreased muscle mass as a result of the aging process is known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is associated with glucose intolerance and declining independence in older adults. This is because muscles play a critical role in glucose metabolism, and reduced muscle mass can make it more difficult to perform daily activities independently.

Question 15

Your client has discovered she is pregnant through a home pregnancy test. She wants to continue to exercise during her pregnancy and is seeking your help. What is the best recommendation?

Accepted Answer

It is important for pregnant women to consult with their physician before starting or continuing an exercise program. The physician can provide guidance on any possible limitations based on the woman's individual health status and pregnancy progress. It is not recommended to continue with an existing exercise program without consulting with a physician first.

Question 16

Older adults may have difficulty performing activities of daily living due to ______.

Accepted Answer

Decreased joint mobility is a common age-related change that can make it more difficult for older adults to perform activities of daily living, such as bending down to tie their shoes or reaching up to grab an item from a high shelf. This can be due to age-related changes in joint cartilage, muscles, and tendons.

Answer: C 
 Decreased maximal heart rate is another age-related change that can impact an older adult's ability to perform activities of daily living. This is because their cardiovascular system may not be able to handle the same level of physical exertion as it could when they were younger. This can lead to fatigue and shortness of breath with activity, which can make activities of daily living more difficult.

Answer: D 
 Increased muscle elasticity is not an age-related change that can affect activities of daily living. In fact, the opposite is true: as people age, their muscles tend to lose elasticity and become stiffer, which can lead to decreased range of motion and difficulty with activities like bending, reaching, and lifting.

Therefore, the correct answer is A and C.

Question 17

A 50-year-old woman who quit smoking 5 months ago with a BP of 120/90 mmHg, a BMI of 29 kg/m2, a LDL of 135 mg/dL, and a HDL of 70 mg/dL wants to start an exercise program. How many net positive risk factors does she have?

Accepted Answer

The woman has two net positive risk factors: her BMI is above 25 kg/m2, and her LDL is above 130 mg/dL. Her HDL is above 60 mg/dL, which is a negative risk factor and can offset one positive risk factor. Therefore, she has two net positive risk factors.

Question 18

The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) includes questions regarding  ______.

Accepted Answer

The PAR-Q is designed to identify individuals who may need medical clearance before starting an exercise program, focusing on symptoms like chest pain and dizziness.

Question 19

Which peripheral adaptation is in part responsible for improvements in oxygen consumption that result from regular cardiovascular exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased capillary density allows for more oxygen to be delivered to the muscles, which can then be used for energy production.

Question 20

What muscle extends the elbow?

Accepted Answer

The triceps brachii muscle is the primary extensor of the elbow. It is located along the posterior aspect of the upper arm and is responsible for straightening the arm at the elbow joint.

Exam 1: ACSM Certified Personal Trainer

Following a 12 week aerobic conditioning program, an individual running at a submaximal workload would be expected to have a(n) ______ circulating blood lactate level as compared to the value obtained at that same absolute workload prior to the conditioning program.

Immediately following a chest and shoulder workout a 55-year-old male executive complains of a "dull ache" in the left side of the chest that is aggravated by respiration. What would you consider is the source of the pain?

According to ACSM guidelines, the _____ is categorized under moderate risk for cardiovascular disease.

When proctoring the AHA/ACSM Health/Fitness Facility Preparticipation Screening Questionnaire to a new client, you learn that he may need to use a facility with a medically qualified staff or need a physician's referral. What sole aspect of his history would put him in that category?

What tends to cause the symptoms of soreness that occur at 24-48 hours after a single bout of intensive exercise?

What heart rate changes are observed as a result of chronic aerobic training?

Cardiovascular adaptations to chronic endurance training include a(n) ________ at a given fixed submaximal exercise intensity.

According to ACSM guidelines, a _ client who is beginning a/n _ is recommended to obtain a medical examination and graded exercise test.