Question 1

Which of the following statements about underwater weighing is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Underwater weighing assumes standard densities for bone, muscle, and fat to estimate body composition.

Question 2

Two individuals have the same body weight, gender, ethnic background, and skinfold measurement results. One is 25 years old; the other is 45 years. Given this scenario, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two individuals have the same body weight,...

Question 3

Adults age physiologically at individual rates. Therefore, adults of any specified age will vary widely in their physiologic responses to exercise testing. Special consideration should be given to older adults when giving a fitness test, because __________.

Accepted Answer

As people age, they tend to experience de-conditioning and may develop chronic diseases, which can impact their physiologic responses to exercise testing. Therefore, special consideration should be given to older adults when giving a fitness test.

Question 4

What is the best test to help determine ejection fraction at rest and during exercise?

Accepted Answer

MUGA (blood pool imagery) study is the best test to determine ejection fraction at rest and during exercise, as it provides a more accurate assessment of left ventricular functional change during exercise compared to other imaging studies such as angiography, thallium stress test or single-proton emission computer tomography.

Question 5

The definition of cardiorespiratory fitness is __________.

Accepted Answer

Cardiorespiratory fitness involves the ability of the heart, blood vessels, respiratory system, and tissue metabolic systems to work together to deliver and use oxygen efficiently during sustained physical activity. Options A, C, and D all refer to different aspects of muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility, but are not related to cardiorespiratory fitness.

Question 6

Which of the following is an indication for terminating an exercise test?

Accepted Answer

The client's request to terminate the test is always a valid reason to stop the test. The other options (respiratory exchange rate, maximal heart rate, RPE) may be factors to consider when monitoring the client's response to exercise, but they are not necessarily indications to terminate the test.

Question 7

What is the best test of cardiovascular function for a client who is obese, has claudication in the legs, and has limited mobility because of neurologic damage from uncontrolled diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Dipyridamole or dobutamine testing is a pharmacological stress test that does not require physical exertion, making it suitable for individuals with limited mobility or claudication.

Question 8

Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding informed consent?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent does not cover negligence, improper test administration, inadequate personnel qualifications, or insufficient safety procedures; it is meant to inform the client of risks and obtain their agreement to proceed.

Question 9

Hydrodensitometry (hydrostatic weighing, underwater weighing) has several sources of error. Which of the following is NOT a common source of error when using this technique to determine body composition?

Accepted Answer

While measurement of the vital capacity of the lungs is an important component of the hydrostatic weighing technique, it is not a common source of error. Common sources of error include interindividual variability in the amount of air in the gastrointestinal tract, interindividual variability in the density of the individual lean tissue compartment, and measurement of the residual volume.

Question 10

For a client taking a 3-blocker who has lowered resting blood pressure and heart rate, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The answer of For a client taking a 3-blocker who...

Question 11

The most accurate screening method for signs and symptoms of CAD is a __________.

Accepted Answer

The maximal exercise test with a 12-lead ECG is the most accurate screening method for signs and symptoms of CAD as it provides the highest level of diagnostic accuracy. This test allows for the assessment of the patient’s exercise capacity, cardiac function, and symptoms during a maximal level of exercise. The 12-lead ECG provides real-time data on any cardiac changes or abnormalities during the test. The other options (B, C, and D) are submaximal exercise tests and may not provide the same level of diagnostic accuracy as a maximal exercise test.

Question 12

Given the sensitivity of the exercise ECG, stress testing conducted on 100 cardiac rehabilitation clients with documented CAD would be expected to produce what results?

Accepted Answer

Exercise ECG has a sensitivity of approximately 70%, which means it will produce positive results for approximately 70 out of 100 clients with documented CAD. Therefore, approximately 70 clients would show ECG indicators of CAD during stress testing.

Question 13

Flexibility is a measure of the __________.

Accepted Answer

Flexibility is typically defined as the range of motion (ROM) about a joint that is free from pain, making option D the correct choice.

Question 14

A "cold spot" detected in the inferior portion of the left ventricle during a stress test that resolves 3 hours later most likely indicates __________.

Accepted Answer

The cold spot observed during the stress test in the left ventricle indicates a reduced blood flow to that area of the heart, which may be due to reversible myocardial ischemia. The fact that it resolves 3 hours later suggests that the reduced blood flow was temporary and may have been caused by a narrowed or constricted artery. Options A and B suggest an old or healing myocardial infarction, which would not resolve within hours. Option D suggests the need for multiple bypass surgery, which cannot be inferred from the given information.

Question 15

A client with a functional capacity of 7 MET, an ejection fraction of 37%, and an ST segment depression of 1 mm below baseline on exertion __________.

Accepted Answer

The client's ejection fraction of 37% puts him at moderate risk for cardiovascular events during exercise. The ST segment depression of 1 mm below baseline on exertion indicates the presence of myocardial ischemia, which further increases his risk. Therefore, cautious exercise should be recommended with monitoring for signs and symptoms of ischemia. It is not necessary for his ejection fraction to be greater than 50% before he can exercise, and he is not considered to be at low or high risk.

Question 16

Which of the following formulae is used for determining workload on a bicycle ergometer?

Accepted Answer

The formula used for determining workload on a bicycle ergometer is Resistance x Distance flywheel traveled per revolution x Revolutions per minute. This takes into account the resistance applied, the distance the flywheel travels per revolution, and the speed at which the pedals are being turned, providing a comprehensive measurement of workload.

Question 17

A client must be given specific instructions for the days preceding a fitness assessment. Which of the following is NOT a necessary instruction to a client for a fitness assessment?

Accepted Answer

Instructing clients to avoid liquids for 12 hours before a fitness assessment could be detrimental to their health and wellbeing. Adequate hydration is important for proper bodily functions and avoiding dehydration, which can negatively impact test results. Therefore, this instruction should not be given.

Question 18

Which of the following criteria would NOT classify a client as having "increased risk"?

Accepted Answer

A history of clinical depression is not a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, so it would not classify the client as having "increased risk." However, signs and/or symptoms of cardiopulmonary disease, signs and/or symptoms of metabolic disease, and two or more major risk factors for CAD are all considered risk factors and would classify the client as having "increased risk."

Question 19

Although 12-lead testing is the optimal ECG configuration, if only one lead can be used, which one should it be?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although 12-lead testing is the optimal ECG...

Question 20

What action should you take for a 55-year-old client who has three risk factors for heart disease and complains of fatigue on exertion?

Accepted Answer

As the client has three risk factors for heart disease and complains of fatigue on exertion, it is best to conduct a maximal diagnostic stress test in the presence of a physician to evaluate their cardiovascular health and exercise capacity. This will provide more accurate information to determine the appropriate exercise prescription and any necessary medical interventions. A submaximal stress test may not provide sufficient information, and starting the client on an exercise program without prior evaluation could potentially be unsafe. Using a questionnaire alone may not be enough to identify underlying cardiovascular risks.

Exam 2: ACSM Registered Clinical Exercise Physiologist