Question 1

What type of premature ventricular complex (PVC) consists of a repetitive pattern of one normal beat and one PVC?
A)Ventricular couplet
B)Ventricular tachycardia
C)Ventricular bigeminy
D)Ventricular trigeminy

Accepted Answer

Ventricular bigeminy is a type of premature ventricular complex (PVC) consisting of a repetitive pattern of one normal beat and one PVC. These irregularities are caused by the ventricles not being depolarized simultaneously.

Question 2

What percentage of older adults over the age of 75 are affected by osteoarthritis?
A)40%
B)50%
C)65%
D)85%

Accepted Answer

85% of adults over the age of 75 are affected by osteoarthritis. Regular exercise can help to decrease pain associated with osteoarthritis and increase function of affected areas.

Question 3

Which behaviors can be helpful in reducing the negative symptoms of high altitude?
A)Ascend quickly to quickly acclimate to the altitude
B)Sleep at an altitude higher than the elevation where exercise will occur
C)Sleep at an altitude lower than the elevation where exercise will occur
D)Eat a high fat diet and exercise regularly

Accepted Answer

To help reduce the negative symptoms of high altitude, sleep at an altitude lower than the elevation where exercise will occur. Also, ascend slowly, eat a high-carbohydrate diet, and avoid exercising until symptoms subside.

Question 4

A pulmonary function test result with a postbronchodilator ratio of less than or equal to 0.7 indicates nonreversible airflow limitation associated with what condition?
A)COPD
B)Asthma
C)Restrictive lung disease
D)Secondary cardiovascular dysfunction

Accepted Answer

A pulmonary function test result with a postbronchodilator ratio of less than or equal to 0.7 indicates nonreversible airflow limitation associated with COPD. The test uses the forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity to rate the severity of the condition.

Question 5

Which of the following correctly includes all components of a well-devised exercise plan?
A)Warm-up, cardiovascular training, resistance training, flexibility training, cool-down
B)Warm-up, cardiovascular training, flexibility training, cool-down
C)Warm-up, resistance training, flexibility training, cool-down
D)Warm-up, strength training, flexibility training, cool-down

Accepted Answer

Warm-up, cardiovascular training, resistance training, flexibility training, and cool-down are the components of a well-devised exercise plan. Performing these regularly in accordance with stated guidelines can help maintain functional fitness and disease prevention.

Question 6

What heart rhythm, also called respiratory arrhythmia, occurs when the SA node fails to maintain a regular sinus rate from beat to beat?
A)Sinus bradycardia
B)Sinus tachycardia
C)Sinus arrhythmia
D)Sinus pause

Accepted Answer

Sinus arrhythmia, also called respiratory arrhythmia, occurs when the SA node fails to maintain a regular sinus rate from beat to beat.

Question 7

What is considered the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in patients during acute myocardial infarction?
A)Junctional arrhythmia
B)Supraventricular tachycardia
C)Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
D)Ventricular fibrillation

Accepted Answer

Ventricular fibrillation is considered the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in patients during acute myocardial infarction. The treatment required for this condition is defibrillation. It can occur spontaneously in patients with heart disease.

Question 8

What pharmacologic therapy has been shown to have positive impact in reducing cardiovascular events in high risk individuals?
A)Beta adrenergic blockers
B)Platelet inhibitors
C)Nitrates
D)Calcium channel antagonists

Accepted Answer

Platelet inhibitors have been shown to have positive impact in reducing cardiovascular events in high risk individuals. This category includes drugs such as aspirin, warfarin, and clopidogrel.

Question 9

In which risk level would a client with moderate obesity and hypertension be placed for exercise testing?
A)High risk
B)Moderate risk
C)Low risk
D)Low risk, as long as his physician has approved exercise with his medical conditions

Accepted Answer

A client with moderate obesity and hypertension should be placed in the high risk level for exercise testing due to having diagnosed metabolic disease (hypertension) and being obese.

Question 10

What heart rhythm has a normal sinus rhythm, but a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute?
A)Sinus bradycardia
B)Sinus tachycardia
C)Sinus arrhythmia
D)Sinus pause

Accepted Answer

A sinus bradycardia has a normal sinus rhythm, but a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute.

Question 11

What type of heart rhythm causes the atria to be stimulated by an ectopic focus rather than by the SA node?
A)Sinus bradycardia
B)Supraventricular tachycardia
C)Junctional arrhythmia
D)Atrial arrhythmias

Accepted Answer

Atrial arrhythmias cause the atria to be stimulated by an ectopic focus rather than by the SA node. These can occur in healthy people, as well as those with cardiovascular disease.

Question 12

What medication is used to treat heart failure and arrhythmias?
A)Digitalis
B)Quinidine
C)Procainamide
D)Disopyramide

Accepted Answer

Digitalis is used to treat heart failure and arrhythmias; however, toxicity caused by this medication can also cause arrhythmias and conduction disturbances. The other medications can be used to treat arrhythmias as well.

Question 13

What daily lifestyle benefit can be reaped as a result of strength and balance training for older adults?
A)Improved mental acuity
B)Decreased likelihood of falls
C)Decreased mobility
D)Improved lipoprotein profile

Accepted Answer

Decreased likelihood of falls is a very significant daily lifestyle benefit that can be reaped as a result of strength and balance training for older adults. Since the mortality rate for older adults related to falls is so high, improving their ability to resist falls and reducing their fear of falls has an exponential effect on their quality of life.

Question 14

Reduced lung elastic recoil, increased dead space in the lungs, and more limited diffusion of gas exchange are all pulmonary symptoms associated with what?
A)Emphysema
B)Aging
C)Asthma
D)COPD

Accepted Answer

Reduced lung elastic recoil, increased dead space in the lungs, and more limited diffusion of gas exchange are all pulmonary symptoms associated with aging. All these changes make it more important to customize exercise programming for older adults in order to accommodate their decreased ventilatory function.

Question 15

Which of the following is not an age-related consideration when choosing exercise test protocols for elderly clients?
A)Maximal heart rate
B)Body mass index
C)Flexibility
D)Vital capacity

Accepted Answer

Body mass index is not an age-related consideration when choosing exercise test protocols for elderly clients. These are important to consider because so many changes happen with advancing age that will affect the client's results and even their ability to perform the tests.

Question 16

What is represented by an ECG with a regular HR, ectopic P waves, a PR interval that may be normal, and a QRS complex that is normal?
A)Atrial fibrillation
B)Supraventricular tachycardia
C)Sinus tachycardia
D)Junctional arrhythmia

Accepted Answer

Supraventricular tachycardia is represented by an ECG with a regular HR, ectopic P waves, a PR interval that may be normal, and a QRS complex that is normal.

Question 17

What specific type of exercise should be avoided by clients with advanced osteoporosis?
A)Aerobic exercise
B)Low-impact aerobics
C)Deep forward flexion activities (like rowing)
D)Aquatic exercises

Accepted Answer

Deep forward flexion activities (like rowing) should specifically be avoided by clients with advanced osteoporosis. Also, high-impact aerobics are dangerous due to the increased risk of fracture. Regular weight bearing exercise should be performed throughout aging to help stimulate osteogenesis.

Question 18

When performing exercise testing for cardiovascular function on children, which modality is preferred?
A)Cycle ergometer
B)Treadmill
C)Caliper
D)Recumbent cycle

Accepted Answer

When performing exercise testing for cardiovascular function on children, the treadmill is preferred. Children's inability to maintain pace, localize muscle fatigue, and short attention spans may make it difficult to complete testing on the ergometer.

Question 19

How does an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor function?
A)Blunts node conduction resulting in lower ventricular response
B)Reduces blood pressure and causes water loss through increased urine production
C)Lowers blood pressure and control ventricular arrhythmias
D)Reduces myocardial oxygen demand and reduces blood pressure

Accepted Answer

An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor functions by reducing myocardial oxygen demand and blood pressure. This is thought to increase exercise tolerance in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.

Question 20

What types of neurologic adaptations have been seen in children and adolescents as a result of strength training?
A)Muscle hypertrophy
B)Improved strength
C)Decrease in motor unit activation
D)Increase in motor unit activation

Accepted Answer

An increase in motor unit activation has been seen in children and adolescents as a result of strength training. Muscle hypertrophy and improved strength are positive strength results seen in children as a result of resistance and strength training.

Exam 4: Exercise Programming and Implementation

What type of premature ventricular complex (PVC) consists of a repetitive pattern of one normal beat and one PVC?

What percentage of older adults over the age of 75 are affected by osteoarthritis?

Which behaviors can be helpful in reducing the negative symptoms of high altitude?

A pulmonary function test result with a postbronchodilator ratio of less than or equal to 0.7 indicates nonreversible airflow limitation associated with what condition?

Which of the following correctly includes all components of a well-devised exercise plan?

What heart rhythm, also called respiratory arrhythmia, occurs when the SA node fails to maintain a regular sinus rate from beat to beat?

What is considered the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in patients during acute myocardial infarction?

What pharmacologic therapy has been shown to have positive impact in reducing cardiovascular events in high risk individuals?

In which risk level would a client with moderate obesity and hypertension be placed for exercise testing?

What heart rhythm has a normal sinus rhythm, but a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute?

What type of heart rhythm causes the atria to be stimulated by an ectopic focus rather than by the SA node?

What medication is used to treat heart failure and arrhythmias?

What daily lifestyle benefit can be reaped as a result of strength and balance training for older adults?

Reduced lung elastic recoil, increased dead space in the lungs, and more limited diffusion of gas exchange are all pulmonary symptoms associated with what?

Which of the following is not an age-related consideration when choosing exercise test protocols for elderly clients?

What is represented by an ECG with a regular HR, ectopic P waves, a PR interval that may be normal, and a QRS complex that is normal?

What specific type of exercise should be avoided by clients with advanced osteoporosis?

When performing exercise testing for cardiovascular function on children, which modality is preferred?

How does an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor function?

What types of neurologic adaptations have been seen in children and adolescents as a result of strength training?