Question 1

Recognition that the brain is the seat of intelligence is attributed to

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates is often credited with the recognition that the brain is the seat of intelligence, a significant departure from earlier beliefs that placed intelligence in the heart or other organs.

Question 2

Jean-Baptiste and Simon Ernest Aubertin were early advocates for

Accepted Answer

Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud and Simon Ernest Aubertin were early advocates for the idea that a specific area of the brain, particularly in the frontal lobes, is responsible for speech.

Question 3

Paul Broca's study of his famous patient Leborgne (Tan) was important in providing convincing evidence for

Accepted Answer

Broca's study of Leborgne, also known as "Tan" due to his inability to say any word other than "tan," was crucial in demonstrating cortical localization of function. This case specifically highlighted the role of the left frontal lobe (Broca's area) in speech production, providing strong evidence against the previously held belief that all parts of the brain contributed equally to cognitive functions.

Question 4

Working independently, Bell and Magendie discovered that

Accepted Answer

Bell and Magendie independently discovered the concept of nerve specificity in the spinal cord, which refers to the idea that some nerves are specifically responsible for sensation while others are responsible for motor control. This was a fundamental discovery in understanding the nervous system's structure and function.

Question 5

Johannes Müller discovered that regardless of the nature of stimulation, visual nerves carry only visual information, auditory nerves carry only auditory information, etc. This discovery is known as the

Accepted Answer

The law of specific nerve energies, discovered by Johannes Müller, states that the nature of perception is defined by the pathway over which the sensory information is carried, rather than the nature of the stimulus itself. Thus, each sensory nerve, regardless of how it is stimulated, conveys information related to its specific type of sensation (e.g., visual nerves for vision, auditory nerves for hearing).

Question 6

Helmholtz's study of nerves in the frog showed that

Accepted Answer

Helmholtz's study demonstrated that the speed of neural transmission could be measured, which was a significant finding in understanding how nerves function.

Question 7

The color theory that proposed the existence of three different kinds of nerves in the retina, sensitive to red, green, and blue, was proposed by

Accepted Answer

The Young-Helmholtz theory, also known as the trichromatic theory of color vision, proposed that the human eye has three types of receptors sensitive to red, green, and blue colors.

Question 8

The color vision theory that best accounted for color afterimages and complementary colors was the

Accepted Answer

The opponent-process theory best accounts for color afterimages and complementary colors by proposing that colors are perceived through the operation of opposing pairs of colors: red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white. This theory explains why we see afterimages in complementary colors after staring at a color for a prolonged period.

Question 9

What is the name of the auditory theory which proposed that sound perception was the result of a matching of the firing rate of impulses from the basilar membrane with the frequency of the incoming sound?

Accepted Answer

Frequency theory suggests that the frequency of the auditory nerve's impulses matches the frequency of a sound wave, enabling us to detect the sound's pitch. This theory contrasts with place theory, which posits that different parts of the cochlea are activated by different frequencies.

Question 10

Fechner's important insight of October 22, 1850 was that

Accepted Answer

Fechner's insight was that the relationship between the psychological (mental) and physical (material) worlds could be quantitatively measured, laying the foundation for psychophysics.

Question 11

The precursor field to scientific psychology that measured the relationships between physical stimuli and the psychological response to those stimuli was called

Accepted Answer

Psychophysics is the field that studies the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce, making it the precursor to scientific psychology in this context.

Question 12

The point at which a person can reliably discriminate between two stimuli is called the

Accepted Answer

The difference threshold, also known as the just noticeable difference (jnd), is the minimum difference in stimulation that a person can detect 50% of the time. It is the point at which a person can reliably discriminate between two stimuli.

Question 13

The just noticeable difference (or jnd) in frequency for a series of low tones might be quite different from the jnd for a series of high tones.Yet Fechner realizd that that differenceis

Accepted Answer

The answer of The just noticeable difference (or jnd) in...

Question 14

A psychophysical method to determine the absolute threshold is the method of

Accepted Answer

The method of limits is a psychophysical method used to determine the absolute threshold. In this method, the stimulus is presented at a series of increasing or decreasing intensities until the participant reports that they can just detect it. The absolute threshold is then defined as the intensity at which the participant reports detecting the stimulus 50% of the time.

Question 15

Wavelength is to hue as light intensity is to

Accepted Answer

Brightness is the correct answer because it is directly related to light intensity, just as hue is related to wavelength in the context of color perception.

Question 16

Psychologists use different terms such as frequency and pitch and wavelength and hue because

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychologists use different terms such as frequency...

Question 17

It seemed critical for scientists to find specificity in the brain and nervous system, perhaps because it suggested a lawfulness in the operation of mind and body. Describe the several discoveries that led to a recognition of specificity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It seemed critical for scientists to find...

Question 18

Discuss the work of Pierre Flourens and Paul Broca as it supported or refuted the phrenological ideas of Gall.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the work of Pierre Flourens and...

Question 19

This chapter discusses the importance of the work on sensory processes (color vision and pitch perception) as a precursor to scientific psychology. Why were the senses of such intense interest for the early science of psychology? (Note: thisquestion requires information from Chapter 1 as well)

Accepted Answer

The answer of This chapter discusses the importance of the...

Question 20

What were the two pieces of Fechner's insight and why was that insight important for scientific psychology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What were the two pieces of Fechner's...

Quiz 2: Physiology, Psychophysics, and the Science of Mind