Question 1

The endocrine functions of the pancreas are limited to _______-cells.
A) α
B) β
C) δ
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The endocrine functions of the pancreas involve α-cells (which secrete glucagon), β-cells (which secrete insulin), and δ-cells (which secrete somatostatin), making all of the above correct.

Question 2

Gonadal sex (differentiation) depends on
A) estrogens.
B) chromosomal sex.
C) androgens.
D) gender differences.

Accepted Answer

Gonadal sex is determined by the presence or absence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome. If the SRY gene is present, the gonads will develop into testes. If the SRY gene is absent, the gonads will develop into ovaries.

Question 3

Hormones are secreted
A) into the circulatory system by glands.
B) by every cell in the body.
C) into the synaptic cleft by ducts.
D) only during prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

Hormones are secreted into the circulatory system by endocrine glands, allowing them to be transported throughout the body to target organs and tissues.

Question 4

Polypeptide and monoamine hormones typically
A) bind with receptors in the cell nucleus.
B) bind with receptors in the cell membrane.
C) produce effects within seconds following secretion.
D) bind with low affinity to receptors.

Accepted Answer

Polypeptide and monoamine hormones are not lipid-soluble and cannot cross the cell membrane, so they bind to receptors on the cell membrane.

Question 5

The pituitary is often referred to as the "master gland," but it is itself controlled by the
A) adenohypophysis.
B) hippocampus.
C) neurohypophysis.
D) hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland by releasing hormones that regulate its function, making it the true "master" of the endocrine system.

Question 6

What factor directly causes the Wolffian duct system to develop into the male accessory organs (epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles)?
A) Expression of testis determination factor (TDF) gene on the Y chromosome
B) Secretion of testosterone by the testes
C) Secretion of Müllerian regression hormone by Sertoli cells
D) Secretion of estrogen by the ovaries

Accepted Answer

Secretion of testosterone by the testes is the factor that directly causes the Wolffian duct system to develop into the male accessory organs (epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles).

Question 7

What is the name of the hormone (discovered in 1994) that is secreted by adipose cells?
A) Bombesin
B) Leptin
C) ob
D) CCK

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone that is secreted by adipose cells and plays a role in regulating appetite and energy expenditure.

Question 8

Which statement about steroids is true?
A) Steroids are made from cholesterol.
B) Different steroids all have the same function.
C) Estrogens are only found in females.
D) Androgens are only found in males.

Accepted Answer

Steroids are a type of lipid that are synthesized from cholesterol.

Question 9

One of the primary differences between hormones and neurotransmitters is that
A) neurotransmitters bind with specific receptor types.
B) hormones are expelled from the cell through exocytosis.
C) neurotransmitters depolarize target membrane.
D) hormones are secreted into the circulatory system.

Accepted Answer

Hormones are secreted into the circulatory system, allowing them to travel throughout the body, whereas neurotransmitters are released into synaptic clefts and act locally.

Question 10

Hormones are generally regulated
A) through a positive feedback system.
B) through a negative feedback system.
C) by exocrine glands.
D) by paracrine glands.

Accepted Answer

Hormones are generally regulated through a negative feedback system, where the output of the system (the hormone) inhibits the input (the stimulus that triggers hormone release).

Question 11

Which of the following is not a feature of the endocrine system?
A) Hormones are secreted to the blood stream.
B) Endocrine glands have a rich blood supply.
C) Each endocrine gland secretes only one type of hormone.
D) Endocrine glands are ductless.
E) Hormones travel in the blood to every cell in the body. Thus, they can interact with any cell that expresses the appropriate receptor.

Accepted Answer

Each endocrine gland can secrete multiple types of hormones, not just one.

Question 12

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
A) Oxytocin and growth hormone
B) Tropic hormones and oxytocin
C) Vasopressin and melatonin
D) Vasopressin and oxytocin

Accepted Answer

The posterior pituitary gland secretes vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone, ADH) and oxytocin.

Question 13

Which of the following is not located at the periphery?
A) The pineal gland
B) The adrenal gland
C) The pancreas
D) The thyroid gland

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not located...

Question 14

Pheromones are an example of what type of chemical communication?
A) Autocrine
B) Paracrine
C) Ectocrine
D) Intracrine

Accepted Answer

Pheromones are ectocrine signals, as they are released into the environment to affect the behavior or physiology of other individuals of the same species.

Question 15

Polypeptide and monoamine hormones typically
A) bind with receptors in the cell nucleus.
B) bind with receptors in the cell cytoplasm.
C) activate a second messenger cascade.
D) require a carrier protein to travel through the blood.

Accepted Answer

Polypeptide and monoamine hormones are generally water-soluble and cannot cross the cell membrane, so they bind to receptors on the cell surface, which then activate a second messenger cascade inside the cell.

Question 16

All of the following are regulated by hypothalamic stimulation of the pituitary except
A) calcitonin.
B) LH.
C) growth hormone.
D) ACTH.

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin is regulated by the parathyroid glands, not the hypothalamus.

Question 17

List three major endocrine glands. Give an example of a hormone secreted from each, and then list a primary function of each hormone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List three major endocrine glands. Give an...

Question 18

List three of the four major vertebrate steroid hormones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List three of the four major vertebrate...

Question 19

List three of the four classes of hormones

Accepted Answer

The answer of List three of the four classes of...

Question 20

Describe the enzymatic pathway in which tryptophan is transformed to melatonin and state for each step whether it happens during the day or night.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the enzymatic pathway in which tryptophan...

Quiz 2: The Endocrine System

The endocrine functions of the pancreas are limited to _______-cells.

Gonadal sex (differentiation) depends on

Hormones are secreted

Polypeptide and monoamine hormones typically

The pituitary is often referred to as the "master gland," but it is itself controlled by the

What factor directly causes the Wolffian duct system to develop into the male accessory organs (epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles) ?

What is the name of the hormone (discovered in 1994) that is secreted by adipose cells?

Which statement about steroids is true?

One of the primary differences between hormones and neurotransmitters is that

Hormones are generally regulated

Which of the following is not a feature of the endocrine system?

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

Which of the following is not located at the periphery?

Pheromones are an example of what type of chemical communication?

Polypeptide and monoamine hormones typically

All of the following are regulated by hypothalamic stimulation of the pituitary except

List three major endocrine glands. Give an example of a hormone secreted from each, and then list a primary function of each hormone.

List three of the four major vertebrate steroid hormones.

List three of the four classes of hormones

Describe the enzymatic pathway in which tryptophan is transformed to melatonin and state for each step whether it happens during the day or night.