Question 1

The primary difference between hormones and neurotransmitters is that
A) hormones are peptides and neurotransmitters are amines.
B) neurotransmitters are smaller molecules than hormones.
C) neurotransmitters are secreted into the blood and hormones are secreted by glands.
D) hormones are secreted into the blood.

Accepted Answer

Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream by glands, whereas neurotransmitters are released into synapses between neurons.

Question 2

Hormones are secreted
A) by every cell in the body.
B) into the circulatory system by glands.
C) into the synaptic cleft by ducts.
D) only during prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

Hormones are secreted into the circulatory system by glands.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a level of analysis as described by Tinbergen in 1951?
A) Cognitive level
B) Immediate causation
C) Evolution
D) Ontogeny

Accepted Answer

Cognitive level is not a level of analysis as described by Tinbergen in 1951. Tinbergen's levels of analysis include immediate causation, evolution, and ontogeny.

Question 4

The results of Berthold's famous study determined that
A) roosters need adrenal glands.
B) the testes produced a substance that supported male traits, including behavior.
C) the testes need a neural connection to support male traits, including behavior.
D) roosters mate with multiple hens.

Accepted Answer

Berthold's study showed that the testes produce a substance (later identified as testosterone) that is responsible for the development and maintenance of male traits and behaviors in roosters, even without direct neural connections.

Question 5

Which of the following is the best evidence of hormone-behavior interactions?
A) The behavior in question should fade away after the hypothalamus is removed.
B) Hormonally-dependent behavior ought to disappear when the source of the hormone is removed.
C) Removal of any hormone should have a behavioral effect.
D) After a hormonally-dependent behavior stops after the source of the hormone is removed, blocking the hormones receptors should reinstate the behavior.

Accepted Answer

Hormonally-dependent behavior should disappear when the source of the hormone is removed, indicating a direct interaction between the hormone and the behavior.

Question 6

What is the name of the hormone (discovered in 2003) that causes hypophysiotropic hypogonadism in both mice and humans?
A) Bombesin
B) Kisspeptin
C) ob
D) CCK

Accepted Answer

Kisspeptin is the hormone discovered in 2003 that plays a crucial role in regulating the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and its deficiency can lead to hypophysiotropic hypogonadism.

Question 7

Which technique requires antibodies?
A) Optogenetics
B) Autoradiography
C) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
D) In situ hybridization

Accepted Answer

ELISA requires antibodies to bind to specific antigens.

Question 8

Hormones may affect behavior by affecting any of the following, except
A) sensory systems.
B) gene expression.
C) neuronal development.
D) environmental stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Hormones can influence behavior by affecting sensory systems, gene expression, and neuronal development, but they do not directly affect environmental stimuli, which are external factors.

Question 9

Which statement is not true of hormones?
A) They are organic products.
B) They are secreted into the circulatory system.
C) They typically bind with cytokines to have a biological effect.
D) They interact with specific receptors.

Accepted Answer

Hormones typically bind to specific receptors to exert their effects, not with cytokines. Cytokines are a different class of signaling molecules.

Question 10

Castrati were generally
A) castrated before puberty.
B) baritones.
C) fathers of large families.
D) very aggressive.

Accepted Answer

Castrati were male singers castrated before puberty to preserve their high-pitched voice.

Question 11

All of the following qualify as behavior, except
A) A flock of geese flying in V formation
B) A child jumping rope
C) A bee collecting pollen
D) An endocrine gland releasing hormones

Accepted Answer

Behavior typically refers to observable actions or reactions of organisms, often involving movement or interaction with the environment. The release of hormones by an endocrine gland is a physiological process, not an observable behavior.

Question 12

In pharmacological manipulations, agonists
A) block the effects of hormones.
B) are always administered orally.
C) mimic the effects of hormones.
D) ablate hormone receptors.

Accepted Answer

Agonists are substances that bind to receptors and mimic the effects of naturally occurring hormones or neurotransmitters.

Question 13

A chimera
A) is a bird with unusual song patterns.
B) is always sterile.
C) never naturally occurs.
D) has more than one genotype for a trait.

Accepted Answer

A chimera is an organism that has cells with different genotypes, often due to the merging of multiple fertilized eggs or genetic mutations.

Question 14

Hormone antagonists
A) harm their targets.
B) mimic hormones and neurotransmitters.
C) block the action of hormones and neurotransmitters.
D) locate specific nucleic acids.

Accepted Answer

Hormone antagonists work by blocking the action of hormones and neurotransmitters, preventing them from binding to their receptors and exerting their effects.

Question 15

Which of the following terms does not refer to a genetically manipulated animal used in behavioral endocrinology research?
A) Capon
B) Knockout
C) Transgenic
D) Chimera

Accepted Answer

A capon is a castrated rooster, not a genetically manipulated animal.

Question 16

Which combination of techniques would be used to study the testosterone content in a given blood sample and the location of receptors for that particular hormone in the brain?
A) Immunocytochemistry and ablation
B) Radioimmunoassay and autoradiography
C) Radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay
D) Microdialysis and autoradiography

Accepted Answer

Radioimmunoassay is used to measure hormone levels like testosterone in blood samples, while autoradiography is used to visualize the location of hormone receptors in tissues such as the brain.

Question 17

One drawback of using electrolytic lesions in studies of hormones and behavior is that these lesions
A) only temporarily eliminate brain areas.
B) only destroy fibers in the area being lesioned.
C) alter the hormonography of the hormoresponsive zone.
D) destroy both fibers and cell bodies in the lesioned area.

Accepted Answer

Electrolytic lesions destroy both fibers and cell bodies in the lesioned area, which can make it difficult to determine the specific contributions of different neural components to behavior.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the differences between neural and hormonal communication?
A) Neurotransmitters act on G-protein-coupled receptors and hormones do not.
B) Neurotransmitters affect target cells rapidly; hormone effects are typically slow.
C) All hormones and neurotransmitters are produced from cholesterol.
D) Neurotransmitters affect receptors, but hormones do not.

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters typically act quickly on target cells, often within milliseconds, whereas hormones generally have slower, longer-lasting effects, taking seconds to days to exert their influence.

Question 19

List three advantages and three disadvantages of using nonhuman animals in behavioral endocrinology research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List three advantages and three disadvantages of...

Question 20

List two differences and one similarity between the endocrine and nervous systems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List two differences and one similarity between...

Quiz 1: The Study of Behavioral Endocrinology

The primary difference between hormones and neurotransmitters is that

Hormones are secreted

Which of the following is not a level of analysis as described by Tinbergen in 1951?

The results of Berthold's famous study determined that

Which of the following is the best evidence of hormone-behavior interactions?

What is the name of the hormone (discovered in 2003) that causes hypophysiotropic hypogonadism in both mice and humans?

Which technique requires antibodies?

Hormones may affect behavior by affecting any of the following, except

Which statement is not true of hormones?

Castrati were generally

All of the following qualify as behavior, except

In pharmacological manipulations, agonists

A chimera

Hormone antagonists

Which of the following terms does not refer to a genetically manipulated animal used in behavioral endocrinology research?

Which combination of techniques would be used to study the testosterone content in a given blood sample and the location of receptors for that particular hormone in the brain?

One drawback of using electrolytic lesions in studies of hormones and behavior is that these lesions

Which of the following is true regarding the differences between neural and hormonal communication?

List three advantages and three disadvantages of using nonhuman animals in behavioral endocrinology research.

List two differences and one similarity between the endocrine and nervous systems.