Question 1

During feudal times, in which of the scenarios would punishment typically not be enforced?

Accepted Answer

The answer of During feudal times, in which of the...

Question 2

Prior to monastic prisons, incarceration of offenders was a common occurrence.

Accepted Answer

Incarceration as a form of punishment became more common with the development of monastic prisons; prior to that, other forms of punishment like fines, corporal punishment, or exile were more prevalent.

Question 3

What major document that formed the basis of law in England and in other countries, including the United States, provided for the development of the trial and furthered the movement for state run correctional institutions?

Accepted Answer

The Magna Carta, signed in 1215, laid the foundation for the development of the legal system, including the right to a fair trial, and influenced the establishment of state-run correctional institutions.

Question 4

In what type of society would informal forms of social control, such as shunning and other forms of social disapproval, be most common?

Accepted Answer

In a Gemeinschaft society, which is characterized by close-knit communities and personal relationships, informal social controls like shunning and social disapproval are more prevalent as people rely on personal bonds and community norms to regulate behavior.

Question 5

In what type of society would formalized policing, courts, and corrections be most needed?

Accepted Answer

In a Gesellschaft society, which is characterized by large, urban, and industrialized settings, formalized systems like policing, courts, and corrections are necessary to maintain order and manage complex social interactions among diverse populations.

Question 6

In the 18^th century, nearly 200 crimes were death penalty eligible.

Accepted Answer

During the 18th century in England, the "Bloody Code" was in effect, which made around 200 offenses punishable by death.

Question 7

Which of the following is false regarding The Great Law?

Accepted Answer

All the statements provided are true regarding The Great Law, which was a Quaker-influenced legal code that aimed to reform the penal system by reducing the use of the death penalty and promoting rehabilitation through hard labor.

Question 8

Which term describes the practice of sending convicted offenders to the colonies of the mother country?

Accepted Answer

Transportation was the practice of sending convicted offenders to the colonies of the mother country.

Question 9

Which institution was established as the first to house offenders for the purpose of long term punishment rather than for pretrial detention?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which institution was established as the first...

Question 10

____________ coined the term "penitentiary" and hence became the "Father of the Penitentiary."

Accepted Answer

John Howard is credited with coining the term "penitentiary" and is often referred to as the "Father of the Penitentiary" due to his influential work in prison reform.

Question 11

This style of penitentiary is characterized by silence and separation of inmates.

Accepted Answer

The Pennsylvania system is known for its approach of solitary confinement and silence, where inmates were kept in separate cells to encourage reflection and penitence.

Question 12

The Auburn penitentiary style allowed inmates to congregate for both times of work and meals.

Accepted Answer

The Auburn system, developed in the early 19th century, allowed inmates to work and eat together in silence, unlike the separate confinement system.

Question 13

Which of the following do not describe accurately what life would be like as an inmate in the Pennsylvania System?

Accepted Answer

The Pennsylvania System was characterized by solitary confinement, where inmates did everything in their own cells, including working, eating, and sleeping, to encourage reflection and penitence.

Question 14

One advantage of probation for the growing U.S. correctional system in the 1840s was the fact that it helped to alleviate the need to house and care for those individuals in already overcrowded institutions.

Accepted Answer

Probation allowed offenders to serve their sentences outside of prison, reducing the burden on overcrowded facilities by not requiring additional housing and care.

Question 15

Which series below best represents Maconochie's early parole system?

Accepted Answer

Maconochie's early parole system involved a gradual process of earning freedom through stages, starting with total imprisonment, then working on a chain gang, progressing to work outside without chains, followed by monitored release, and finally full release.

Question 16

The principles of the National Prison Congress held in Cincinnati in 1870 held that which of the following should be abolished?
I. fixed sentence
II. isolation and silence
III. rewards for good conduct

Accepted Answer

The National Prison Congress of 1870 advocated for the abolition of fixed sentences and the practices of isolation and silence, promoting a more rehabilitative approach to incarceration.

Question 17

Which was the prototype institution whose mission was to carry out the principles of the National Prison Congress held in Cincinnati in 1870?

Accepted Answer

Elmira Reformatory was established as a model institution to implement the principles of the National Prison Congress, focusing on rehabilitation and reform rather than mere punishment.

Question 18

The Era of Industry for prisons was most characterized by?

Accepted Answer

The Era of Industry for prisons was characterized by the use of inmate labor, where prisoners were put to work in various industries as a means of punishment and economic productivity.

Question 19

Sing Sing Prison was created by inmates of which prison?

Accepted Answer

Sing Sing Prison was constructed by inmates from Auburn Prison in the early 19th century.

Question 20

Convict leasing was a method of prisoner labor used by northern prisons.

Accepted Answer

Convict leasing was primarily used in the Southern United States after the Civil War, not in northern prisons.

Quiz 1: The History and Development of Corrections