Question 1

Which philosophy was called upon to guide the prison system by the Wickersham Commission in the early 1930s?

Accepted Answer

The Wickersham Commission advocated for rehabilitation as a guiding philosophy for the prison system, emphasizing reform and reintegration of offenders into society.

Question 2

Rationales for punishment are influenced by the broad philosophical, political, and social themes for their era.

Accepted Answer

The rationales for punishment often reflect the prevailing philosophical, political, and social ideas of the time, as these factors shape societal views on justice and the purpose of punishment.

Question 3

This era of corrections is characterized as being more punitive toward individuals in correctional facilities.

Accepted Answer

The Era of Retribution is known for its punitive approach, focusing on punishment rather than rehabilitation or reform.

Question 4

"Nothing Works" is a phrase that is most associated with ______________?

Accepted Answer

Robert Martinson is associated with the phrase "Nothing Works" due to his 1974 study on the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs in the criminal justice system, where he concluded that such programs had little impact on recidivism rates.

Question 5

________________ is the transition period of persons who are soon to be released or have recently been released from prison or jail back into the community.

Accepted Answer

Reentry is the transition period of persons who are soon to be released or have recently been released from prison or jail back into the community.

Question 6

What do individuals returning to the community post-incarceration need assistance with?
I. Employment
II. Community-based treatment
III. Housing
IV. Support systems

Accepted Answer

Individuals returning to the community post-incarceration typically need assistance with employment, community-based treatment, housing, and support systems to successfully reintegrate and reduce recidivism.

Question 7

It is estimated that less than half of state prisoners have struggled with substance abuse and/or mental health disorders.

Accepted Answer

Studies and reports indicate that more than half of state prisoners have struggled with substance abuse and/or mental health disorders.

Question 8

Women offenders were incarcerated in institutions alongside men in communal rooms in the late 17^th and early 18^th centuries.

Accepted Answer

During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, prisons were not yet segregated by gender, and women were often housed in the same facilities as men, sometimes even in communal rooms.

Question 9

Under this model, prisons for women borrowed heavily from those of men with strict regimens and harsh physical punishments.

Accepted Answer

The Custodial Model is characterized by strict regimens and harsh physical punishments, similar to the early prison systems for men.

Question 10

Under this model, feminists campaigned, and won, to encourage male legislators to fund separate institutions for female offenders.

Accepted Answer

The Reformatory Model was aimed at reforming female offenders by creating separate institutions that focused on rehabilitation rather than punishment, which feminists advocated for.

Question 11

Starting in the 1930s, women's facilities continued to mirror those for men and were primarily custodial in orientation.

Accepted Answer

Women's correctional facilities in the 1930s and beyond were often designed similarly to men's facilities, focusing on containment and control rather than rehabilitation or addressing gender-specific needs.

Question 12

Which of the following practices would not be permitted by the courts?

Accepted Answer

Courts would not permit male prisons to have access to adequate law facilities while denying the same to female prisons, as it would be a violation of equal protection rights.

Question 13

What was the significance of the watch and ward process and the raising of the hue and cry?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the significance of the watch...

Question 14

Differentiate between the Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft types of society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Differentiate between the Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft types...

Question 15

What were two implications of the British fee system for the operation of jails in the America in the early 17^th century?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What were two implications of the British...

Question 16

By the mid-eighteenth century, a number of factors led to major changes in punishment in Europe and the United States. Detail one.

Accepted Answer

The answer of By the mid-eighteenth century, a number of...

Question 17

What did the English Penitentiary Act of 1779 require?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did the English Penitentiary Act of...

Question 18

Detail three changes to correctional practices that occurred after Martinson's "nothing works" doctrine went public

Accepted Answer

The answer of Detail three changes to correctional practices that...

Question 19

How did the private industry become involved in corrections in the 1980s?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did the private industry become involved...

Question 20

Note the difference between front-door and back-door prison release mechanisms and provide one example for each type.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Note the difference between front-door and back-door...

Quiz 1: The History and Development of Corrections