Question 1

The patterning of human interdependence in a given society through the actions and decisions of its members is called

Accepted Answer

Social organization refers to the structured patterns of relationships and roles that guide the interactions and behaviors of individuals within a society, reflecting how they are interdependent.

Question 2

Complex, variable, and enduring forms of cultural practices that organize social life are called

Accepted Answer

Institutions are complex, variable, and enduring forms of cultural practices that organize social life, such as family, education, religion, and government.

Question 3

The economic theory which represented a formal attempt to explain the workings of capitalist enterprise and paid particular attention to distribution is

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

Impersonal economic exchanges typical of the capitalist market in which goods are exchanged for cash are called

Accepted Answer

Commodity exchanges refer to the impersonal economic transactions typical of capitalist markets where goods are exchanged for cash.

Question 5

The exchange of goods and services of equal value is called

Accepted Answer

Reciprocity refers to the exchange of goods and services of equal value, often characterized by mutual benefit and social relationships.

Question 6

A reciprocal situation in which neither the time nor the value of return is specified is identified by anthropologists as a form of

Accepted Answer

Generalized reciprocity refers to exchanges where the value and timing of returns are not specified, often seen in close relationships or communities.

Question 7

The mode of exchange that requires some form of centralized social organization to receive economic contributions from all members of the group and to allocate them in such a way as to provide for every member of the group is called

Accepted Answer

Redistribution involves a central authority collecting goods or resources from members of a group and then redistributing them to ensure everyone is provided for, requiring centralized social organization.

Question 8

The activity linking human social groups to the material world around them is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Labor is the activity that links human social groups to the material world around them. It is the process of using human effort to transform raw materials into finished goods and services.

Question 9

The tools, skills, organization, and knowledge used to extract energy from nature are the

Accepted Answer

The means of production refer to the tools, skills, organization, and knowledge used to extract energy from nature.

Question 10

Ranked groups within a hierarchically stratified society whose membership is defined primarily in terms of wealth, occupation, or other economic criteria are called

Accepted Answer

Classes are ranked groups within a society where membership is determined by economic factors such as wealth and occupation.

Question 11

Anthropologist I. M. Lewis compared the social organization of the northern Somalis and the Boran Galla, who live next to each other in semiarid scrubland and herd the same animals. His comparison showed that

Accepted Answer

Lewis's comparison highlighted that despite living in similar environments and herding the same animals, the Somali and Boran have distinct social structures, indicating that environment does not solely determine social structure.

Question 12

According to Wilk and Cliggett, which model of human nature originated during the Enlightenment and is based on the assumption that individuals are first and foremost interested in their own well-being?

Accepted Answer

The self-interested model originated during the Enlightenment and is based on the assumption that individuals prioritize their own well-being.

Question 13

An economic system dominated by the supply-demand-price mechanism called the "market" is

Accepted Answer

Capitalism is an economic system where the supply-demand-price mechanism, known as the market, plays a central role in determining the allocation of resources and goods.

Question 14

Noncapitalist forms of economic exchange that are deeply embedded in social relations and always require reciprocity are called

Accepted Answer

Gift exchanges are noncapitalist forms of economic exchange that are deeply embedded in social relations and require reciprocity.

Question 15

In the early twentieth century, food production in Tuscany corresponded to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

In the early twentieth century, Tuscany's food production was characterized by large landholdings, known as "latifundia," which were worked by peasant laborers under a system known as sharecropping or "mezzadria."

Question 16

Carole Counihan, cited in the text, notes that her younger female interviewees were

Accepted Answer

Carole Counihan notes that younger female interviewees were expected to work for wages and also maintain the household, including doing the cooking, reflecting the dual burden of employment and domestic responsibilities.

Question 17

The distributive process known as exchange is central to the functioning of capitalist free enterprise.

Accepted Answer

Exchange is a fundamental aspect of capitalist economies, where goods and services are traded in markets, allowing for the allocation of resources and the generation of wealth.

Question 18

According to Wilk and Cliggett, which model of human nature is based on the assumption that people's motivations are shaped by culturally specific belief systems and values guided by a culturally patterned view of the universe and the human place within it?

Accepted Answer

The moral model is based on the idea that people's motivations are influenced by culturally specific belief systems and values, which guide their understanding of the universe and their place within it.

Question 19

According to Hann and Hart, neoclassical economic theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Hann and Hart, neoclassical economic...

Question 20

According to Wilk and Cliggett, the development of neoclassical economic theory was a key turning point in the history of economics because it

Accepted Answer

Neoclassical economic theory introduced assumptions about rationality and self-interest that led to debates and divergent views on human nature, which continue to be discussed by economic anthropologists.

Quiz 11: Why Do Anthropologists Study Economic Relations