Question 1

An orienting context that is consciously adopted by the actors, somehow pleasurable, and systemically related to what is considered to be the normal or everyday context is called
A) art.
B) myth.
C) play.
D) ritual.

Accepted Answer

Play is an activity that is consciously adopted, often pleasurable, and distinct from everyday life, fitting the description given.

Question 2

A cognitive boundary that marks certain behaviors as "play" or as "ordinary life" is called
A) framing.
B) metacommunication.
C) openness.
D) reflexivity.

Accepted Answer

Framing is a cognitive boundary that marks certain behaviors as "play" or as "ordinary life."

Question 3

Critical thinking about the way one thinks is called
A) framing.
B) metacommunication.
C) openness.
D) reflexivity.

Accepted Answer

Reflexivity involves critically examining one's own thoughts and thought processes, making it the correct choice.

Question 4

The term anthropologists use for stories that recount how various aspects of the world came to be the way they are is
A) folktales.
B) metaphors.
C) myths.
D) narrative.

Accepted Answer

Myths are traditional stories that explain how the world and its various aspects came to be the way they are, often involving supernatural beings or events.

Question 5

A repetitive social practice composed of a sequence of culturally-recognizable symbolic activities in the form of dance, song, speech, gestures, or the manipulation of objects, set off from the routines of everyday life, and closely connected with a specific set of ideas is known as a
A) ritual.
B) myth.
C) play.
D) art.

Accepted Answer

Rituals are repetitive social practices that involve symbolic activities such as dance, song, speech, gestures, or object manipulation, and are distinct from everyday routines, often linked to specific cultural ideas.

Question 6

A ritual that serves to mark the movement and transformation of an individual from one social position to another is called
A) a transformative ritual.
B) orthopraxy.
C) a rite of passage.
D) orthodox.

Accepted Answer

A rite of passage is a ritual that marks the transition of an individual from one social status to another, often involving ceremonies or practices that signify this change.

Question 7

The ambiguous transitional state in a rite of passage in which the person or persons undergoing the ritual are outside their ordinary social positions is called
A) transformativity.
B) orthopraxy.
C) reaggregation.
D) liminality.

Accepted Answer

Liminality is the term used to describe the ambiguous transitional state in a rite of passage where individuals are outside their ordinary social positions.

Question 8

What term describes symbols that sum up, express, or represent for people in an emotionally powerful way what the system means to them?
A) Static symbol
B) Summarizing symbol
C) Representative symbol
D) Emotional symbol

Accepted Answer

Summarizing symbols are those that encapsulate and convey the essence of a system or concept in a way that is emotionally significant to individuals.

Question 9

The ideas and practices that postulate reality beyond that which is immediately available to the senses are known in anthropology as
A) metaphors.
B) worldviews.
C) religion.
D) orthodoxy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ideas and practices that postulate reality...

Question 10

When nearly every act of everyday life is ritualized and other forms of behavior are strongly discouraged, anthropologists and religious scholars sometimes speak of
A) worldview.
B) orthodoxy.
C) orthopraxy.
D) secularism.

Accepted Answer

Orthopraxy refers to the emphasis on correct practice or conduct, particularly in religious contexts, where nearly every act of everyday life is ritualized.

Question 11

A set of beliefs and practices designed to control the visible or invisible world for specific purposes is called
A) magic.
B) oracles.
C) witchcraft.
D) channeling.

Accepted Answer

Magic is a system of beliefs and practices intended to manipulate natural or supernatural forces to achieve specific outcomes.

Question 12

The synthesis of old religious practices with new religious practices introduced from outside is called
A) syncretism
B) revitalization
C) communitas
D) nativism

Accepted Answer

Syncretism is the synthesis of old religious practices with new religious practices introduced from outside.

Question 13

A movement whose members expect a messiah or prophet who will bring back a lost golden age of peace, prosperity, and harmony is called
A) syncretism
B) revitalization
C) communitas
D) nativism

Accepted Answer

The answer of A movement whose members expect a messiah...

Question 14

Ian Condry's study of hip-hop in Japan showed that
A) it was an example of the expansion of a popular culture form into another part of the world that Japanese were forced to adopt without changing it.
B) Japanese artists and fans have rejected hip-hop.
C) Japanese hip-hop lyrics emphasize the theme that youth need to speak out for themselves.
D) music is not translatable across cultures.

Accepted Answer

Ian Condry's study highlighted that Japanese hip-hop artists adapted the genre to their own cultural context, emphasizing themes like self-expression and the importance of youth speaking out, rather than simply adopting it unchanged.

Question 15

According to T. M. Luhrmann, how did members of the Vineyard Christian Fellowship evangelical churches understand prayer?
A) God was to be addressed and listened to in groups of congregants.
B) Congregants have to be trained in order to learn how to pray properly.
C) Prayer is intended to help congregants find answers to suffering.
D) People stay with the church because the theology makes rational sense to them.

Accepted Answer

Luhrmann's research indicates that members of the Vineyard Christian Fellowship believe that prayer requires training to learn how to properly engage with God.

Question 16

Which of the following is not an example of how worldviews can be mobilized as instruments of power and control?
A) Invoke a religious symbol
B) Use a symbol as a means of exercising direct control
C) Reject the foundational terms of a symbol
D) Use official interpreters of religious ideology

Accepted Answer

Rejecting the foundational terms of a symbol does not mobilize worldviews as instruments of power and control; instead, it undermines or challenges the symbol's authority.

Question 17

Condry's ethnographic case study shows how Japanese artists and fans have adapted hip-hop so that it is Japanese.

Accepted Answer

Condry's ethnographic case study examines how Japanese artists and fans have localized hip-hop culture, incorporating Japanese language, themes, and cultural elements, making it distinctively Japanese while maintaining its core hip-hop identity.

Question 18

Human beings use cultural creativity to make sense of the wider world on a more comprehensive scale as they construct encompassing pictures of reality called worldviews.

Accepted Answer

Cultural creativity allows humans to develop worldviews, which are comprehensive frameworks that help them understand and interpret the world around them.

Question 19

As they develop complex understandings of themselves and the wider world, people regularly devise symbols to organize this knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Humans often create symbols, such as language, art, and cultural icons, to represent and communicate complex ideas and concepts, aiding in the organization and understanding of knowledge.

Question 20

Witchcraft beliefs, especially witchcraft accusations can defend the wider values of a community.

Accepted Answer

Witchcraft accusations can serve as a social mechanism to enforce norms and values, by targeting those perceived as threats to community cohesion or morality.

Quiz 10: How Do We Make Meaning

An orienting context that is consciously adopted by the actors, somehow pleasurable, and systemically related to what is considered to be the normal or everyday context is called

A cognitive boundary that marks certain behaviors as "play" or as "ordinary life" is called

Critical thinking about the way one thinks is called

The term anthropologists use for stories that recount how various aspects of the world came to be the way they are is

A repetitive social practice composed of a sequence of culturally-recognizable symbolic activities in the form of dance, song, speech, gestures, or the manipulation of objects, set off from the routines of everyday life, and closely connected with a specific set of ideas is known as a

A ritual that serves to mark the movement and transformation of an individual from one social position to another is called

The ambiguous transitional state in a rite of passage in which the person or persons undergoing the ritual are outside their ordinary social positions is called

What term describes symbols that sum up, express, or represent for people in an emotionally powerful way what the system means to them?

The ideas and practices that postulate reality beyond that which is immediately available to the senses are known in anthropology as

When nearly every act of everyday life is ritualized and other forms of behavior are strongly discouraged, anthropologists and religious scholars sometimes speak of

A set of beliefs and practices designed to control the visible or invisible world for specific purposes is called

The synthesis of old religious practices with new religious practices introduced from outside is called

A movement whose members expect a messiah or prophet who will bring back a lost golden age of peace, prosperity, and harmony is called

Ian Condry's study of hip-hop in Japan showed that

According to T. M. Luhrmann, how did members of the Vineyard Christian Fellowship evangelical churches understand prayer?

Which of the following is not an example of how worldviews can be mobilized as instruments of power and control?

Condry's ethnographic case study shows how Japanese artists and fans have adapted hip-hop so that it is Japanese.

Human beings use cultural creativity to make sense of the wider world on a more comprehensive scale as they construct encompassing pictures of reality called worldviews.

As they develop complex understandings of themselves and the wider world, people regularly devise symbols to organize this knowledge.

Witchcraft beliefs, especially witchcraft accusations can defend the wider values of a community.