A ________ consists of independent firms at different levels of production and distribution integrating their programs on a contractual basis to obtain more economies or sales impact than they could achieve alone.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A contractual VMS is a vertical marketing system where independent firms come together on a contractual basis to integrate their programs for increased economies of scale and sales impact. The other options (distributor VMS, conventional channel, administered VMS, and vertical marketing system) do not fit the description of independent firms integrating their programs on a contractual basis.

A ________ Consists of Independent Firms at Different Levels of Production