Question 1

The approach health professionals take in caring for patients is largely shaped by ________.

Accepted Answer

The health system provides the framework, resources, and guidelines that shape how health professionals deliver care to patients.

Question 2

In the US, the reforms introduced through the Affordable Care Act of 2010 focused on regulating ________.

Accepted Answer

The Affordable Care Act of 2010, also known as Obamacare, primarily focused on regulating the private health insurance market. It introduced measures such as preventing insurers from denying coverage based on pre-existing conditions and requiring all Americans to have health insurance or face a penalty (the individual mandate), among other regulations aimed at expanding healthcare coverage and making it more affordable.

Question 3

The ________ model best describes the health care system of Canada.

Accepted Answer

The health care system of Canada is best described by the national health system model, where the government primarily funds and provides the health care services to its residents.

Question 4

________ of funding for the Canadian health care system comes from ________.

Accepted Answer

The Canadian health care system is primarily funded through general taxation, which includes both federal and provincial taxes. This means that the government collects taxes from the general public and uses these funds to pay for the health care system, covering the majority of costs associated with medical services for Canadian residents.

Question 5

According to the Canadian health care system, psychological care ________ considered medically necessary and is covered by the system ________.

Accepted Answer

Psychological care is not universally covered under the Canadian health care system, but there are exceptions where it can be accessed through hospitals and/or schools, providing some level of coverage for individuals in need.

Question 6

Medicare is the American government's health-care program aimed at providing uniform coverage to ________.

Accepted Answer

Medicare is specifically designed to provide health-care coverage to people over the age of 65, along with some younger individuals with disabilities and those with End-Stage Renal Disease.

Question 7

The Canadian health care system currently delegates the management of most services to ________.

Accepted Answer

The Canadian health care system delegates the management of most health services to regional health authorities, which are responsible for planning, integrating, and delivering health services in their respective regions.

Question 8

The only exceptions to the delegation of management to regional health authorities are ________, which are directly overseen by provincial ministries of health.

Accepted Answer

Physician payments and prescription drugs are typically managed directly by provincial ministries of health in Canada, rather than being delegated to regional health authorities. This is because these areas involve significant regulatory and funding considerations that are managed at the provincial level.

Question 9

In Canada, primary care is not typically received from ________

Accepted Answer

In Canada, primary care is typically received from physicians, physicians' assistants, and nurses, but not from psychologists. Psychologists focus on mental health care and therapy rather than primary medical care.

Question 10

In the US, licensed psychologists can access reimbursement for services provided to patients with ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the US, licensed psychologists can access...

Question 11

Secondary care refers to health care that ________.

Accepted Answer

Secondary care usually requires a referral from a primary care provider and involves specialized medical care, often for more serious conditions that primary care physicians are not equipped to handle.

Question 12

________ is specialized care that is often delivered in a teaching hospital or academic health centre.

Accepted Answer

Tertiary care refers to specialized consultative healthcare, usually for inpatients and on referral from a primary or secondary health professional, in a facility that has personnel and facilities for advanced medical investigation and treatment, such as a tertiary referral hospital or academic health center.

Question 13

Compared to Americans, Canadians ________.

Accepted Answer

Canadians enjoy an overall better health status compared to Americans, which is often attributed to Canada's universal healthcare system that provides more accessible healthcare services to all Canadian citizens.

Question 14

The following statement is true in Canada: ________.

Accepted Answer

Socio-economic status significantly influences hospital use in Canada, with those of lower socio-economic status typically having higher rates of hospitalization and use of medical services. This is due to a variety of factors, including differences in health status, access to primary care, and social determinants of health. Choices A, B, and D do not accurately reflect the patterns of medical treatment seeking in Canada.

Question 15

Undertreatment of psychological disorders occurs because of ________.

Accepted Answer

All of the listed options contribute to the undertreatment of psychological disorders, including inadequate access to mental health providers, mobility difficulties, and a focus on unexplained medical symptoms.

Question 16

Patients typically delay seeking medical attention within health care systems based on private insurance due to ________.

Accepted Answer

High user fees associated with care in private insurance systems can deter patients from seeking medical attention promptly, as the cost can be a significant barrier.

Question 17

Patients typically delay seeking medical attention within national health care systems due to ________.

Accepted Answer

Long waiting times are a common reason for patients delaying medical attention in national health care systems.

Question 18

In the case of myocardial infarction, ________ is associated with seeking medical care quickly.

Accepted Answer

Anxiety often leads to quicker action in seeking medical care during a myocardial infarction because individuals are more likely to recognize the severity of their symptoms and act urgently.

Question 19

________ is not common strategy that psychologists use with patients who are at risk of treatment delay.

Accepted Answer

Waiting until the patient's condition has worsened is not a common strategy used by psychologists. Instead, they typically aim to intervene early and prevent deterioration of the patient's condition. Encouraging the use of a symptom diary, reviewing the patient's knowledge and awareness of symptoms, and encouraging discussions of symptoms with significant others are all strategies aimed at early intervention and engagement in treatment.

Question 20

________ is not effective in terms of promoting patient adherence with medical recommendations.

Accepted Answer

Making a broad, forceful request to comply is generally not effective in promoting patient adherence with medical recommendations. This approach can be perceived as coercive and may not address individual patient concerns, motivations, or barriers to compliance. Effective strategies typically involve providing detailed information, discussing motivations, and examining barriers to ensure a more personalized and engaging approach.

Quiz 4: Health Psychology Within the Health-Care System