Question 1

Ideally in a democracy, representation is the concept in which representatives advocate in a way that reflects the ______.

Accepted Answer

Representation in a democracy ideally means that representatives advocate in a way that reflects the wishes of citizens, ensuring that the government's actions align with the preferences and needs of the people they serve.

Question 2

The transitions experienced by many countries in Eastern Europe such as Poland and Czechoslovakia after the end of the Cold War are known as ______.

Accepted Answer

Democratization refers to the process of transitioning from an authoritarian or totalitarian regime to a democratic one. This process involves the establishment of free and fair elections, the protection of civil liberties, and the rule of law.

Question 3

Systems of government that incorporate elements of democracy and authoritarianism are broadly referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

Hybrid regimes are systems of government that combine elements of democracy and authoritarianism, often featuring formal democratic institutions that are undermined by authoritarian practices.

Question 4

Popular sovereignty is defined as the ______.

Accepted Answer

Popular sovereignty refers to the principle that the authority to govern is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives, meaning the authority to rule is vested in the general population.

Question 5

In arguing that citizens should be able to form their own preferences, communicate them, and have them heard by government in a democracy, Robert Dahl is referring to the importance of ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In arguing that citizens should be able...

Question 6

That democracies should be pluralistic, or open to different and opposing ideas, political parties, and politicians is another way of referring to ______.

Accepted Answer

Contestation refers to the presence of competition and opposition within a political system, which aligns with the idea that democracies should be open to different and opposing ideas, political parties, and politicians.

Question 7

That citizens should have access and the ability to voice different ideas, join political parties, or run for office is another way of referring to ______.

Accepted Answer

Participation refers to the ability of citizens to engage in the political process, including voicing ideas, joining political parties, or running for office.

Question 8

Which of the following regimes is characterized by the inherited right to rule with limited popular sovereignty, contestation, or participation?

Accepted Answer

Absolute monarchy is characterized by the inherited right to rule, with the monarch having almost complete control over government decisions without limitations from popular sovereignty, contestation, or participation.

Question 9

Which of the following regimes is characterized by the inherited right to rule, but power is often more ceremonial than sovereign?

Accepted Answer

Constitutional monarchy is characterized by the inherited right to rule, but the power of the monarch is often more ceremonial than sovereign, with real political power residing in elected bodies or a constitution.

Question 10

Which of the following regimes is characterized by the concentration of power in the hands of an appointed individual or small group with limited popular sovereignty, contestation, or participation?

Accepted Answer

A single party/dictatorship is characterized by the concentration of power in the hands of an appointed individual or small group, with limited popular sovereignty, contestation, or participation.

Question 11

Which of the following regime types is probably the least common around the world?

Accepted Answer

Absolute monarchies are the least common regime type globally, as most countries have moved towards forms of government that incorporate elements of representation or pluralism, such as representative democracies, dictatorships with a single party system, or hybrid regimes that combine democratic and authoritarian elements.

Question 12

Which of the following nondemocratic regimes is the most common around the world?

Accepted Answer

Single party/dictatorships are the most common form of nondemocratic regimes around the world, characterized by the concentration of power in a single party or leader, with limited political pluralism and often restricted civil liberties.

Question 13

Why are countries like Pakistan and Uganda considered nondemocratic, despite having implemented many democratic institutions and norms?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are countries like Pakistan and Uganda...

Question 14

Why are countries like Russia and Turkey considered nondemocratic, despite having some elements of democratic practices and institutions?

Accepted Answer

These countries have experienced periods of liberalization, where democratic practices and institutions were adopted or strengthened. However, over time, there has been a reversal or backsliding in democratic norms and practices, leading to a situation where, despite the presence of some democratic elements, the overall governance structure is considered nondemocratic. This can include the consolidation of power in the hands of a single leader or party, restrictions on the press and freedom of speech, and limitations on political opposition and civil society.

Question 15

Which of the waves of democratization is characterized by the onset of universal male suffrage in France or several Latin American countries?

Accepted Answer

The first wave of democratization, which occurred in the 19th and early 20th centuries, is characterized by the onset of universal male suffrage, including significant reforms in France and expansions of suffrage in several Latin American countries.

Question 16

Which of the waves of democratization is characterized by decolonization in sub-Saharan Africa?

Accepted Answer

The second wave of democratization, occurring after World War II, is characterized by decolonization in sub-Saharan Africa, among other regions, leading to the establishment of independent nation-states and attempts at democratic governance.

Question 17

Which of the waves of democratization is characterized by the onset of democracy in Spain, Portugal, and Greece?

Accepted Answer

The third wave of democratization, which began in the 1970s, is characterized by the onset of democracy in several countries, including Spain, Portugal, and Greece. This period saw a significant increase in the number of democratic governments around the world.

Question 18

Huntington's waves of democracy depend on which elements of democracy to be evident?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Huntington's waves of democracy depend on which...

Question 19

The Arab Spring could be considered evidence for which wave of democratization?

Accepted Answer

The Arab Spring is often considered part of a potential fourth wave of democratization, as it occurred after the third wave, which began in the 1970s and included transitions in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and parts of Asia.

Question 20

The process by which democracy takes root and stabilizes in a country is known as democratic ______.

Accepted Answer

Democratic consolidation is the process by which a new democracy matures, in a way that means it is unlikely to revert to authoritarianism without an external shock. This phase follows the initial transition to democracy and encompasses the period during which democracy becomes firmly established and is normalized in the political culture and practices of a country.

Quiz 7: Democracy and Representation: Struggles for Freedom and Efforts to Restrict It