Question 1

In the case of Cecil the Lion, what type of group pushed for changes in policy and legislation concerning big game hunting and animal trafficking?

Accepted Answer

Civil society groups, including animal rights organizations and conservation groups, were at the forefront of advocating for changes in policy and legislation following the killing of Cecil the Lion. These groups aimed to raise awareness and push for stricter regulations on big game hunting and animal trafficking.

Question 2

Civil society can best be defined as ______.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

A key difference between civil society and global civil society is that ______.

Accepted Answer

Civil society actors typically focus on domestic issues within a specific country, while global civil society encompasses actors and activities that address issues beyond national borders, including global issues and global centers of power.

Question 4

People often talk about civil society as a training ground for democratization of whole societies because ______.

Accepted Answer

Civil society acts as a training ground for democratization because it fosters trust and a sense of shared interests among people through interactions in nonpolitical settings. This helps build the social capital necessary for a functioning democracy.

Question 5

That the global civil society can make the existing world order of powerful states and multinationals more representative and accountable to the global population is an example of which perspective?

Accepted Answer

The answer of That the global civil society can make...

Question 6

The power-based belief that "a political arena where associations of citizens seek, from outside political parties, to shape societal rules" best defines civil societies is based on which school of thought?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The power-based belief that "a political arena...

Question 7

While Tocqueville saw civil society as a free arena, Gramsci saw it as all about ______.

Accepted Answer

Gramsci viewed civil society as a domain where power is exercised, contested, and negotiated, rather than merely a space of freedom or equality. He believed that civil society was a key arena for the hegemony of the ruling class, where cultural and ideological dominance is established and maintained.

Question 8

Voluntary associations, operating at local, national, or regional levels, organized in pursuit of shared interests, but not seeking profit or public office are referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are voluntary associations that operate independently from the government, often at local, national, or regional levels, and are organized to pursue shared interests without seeking profit or public office.

Question 9

Although the National Democratic Institute, which is an independent, nonprofit organization of people committed to strengthening democracies around the world, receives nearly all of its funding from the U.S. State Department or U.S. Congress, it is still considered a(n) ______ because of its mission and pursuit of shared interests abroad.

Accepted Answer

The National Democratic Institute is considered an international nongovernmental organization (INGO) because it operates across borders with a mission to strengthen democracies worldwide, independent of direct government control, despite receiving funding from governmental sources.

Question 10

White Ribbon is an organization focused on promoting the prevention of violence against women in Australia by engaging men to make women's safety a man's issue too. White Ribbon's vision is for a nation that respects women, and in which every woman can live in safety, free from all forms of men's abuse. This organization is an example of a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

White Ribbon is an example of a nongovernmental organization (NGO) because it operates independently from the government and focuses on social issues, specifically the prevention of violence against women by engaging men.

Question 11

Transnational advocacy networks (TANs) are different from international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) in that ______.

Accepted Answer

Transnational advocacy networks (TANs) are indeed networks of people and may include organizations, but they themselves are not a single organization like INGOs, which are more formally structured entities.

Question 12

Several prominent NGOs, such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation or the Robert Bosch Foundation in Germany, can also be considered to be ______.

Accepted Answer

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Robert Bosch Foundation operate across national borders and advocate for various causes, fitting the definition of transnational advocacy networks. They are not confined to one nation and work on issues that have global implications, making them distinct from social movements, international governmental organizations, or intergovernmental organizations.

Question 13

Social movements differ from interest groups, which ______.

Accepted Answer

Interest groups tend to be smaller than social movements, as they are usually more organized and focused on specific issues or interests.

Question 14

While social movements are autonomous from states, they are typically political ______.

Accepted Answer

Social movements are considered political because they pursue political goals outside the formal political system, such as influencing policy or societal norms without directly engaging in the formal political process like legislation or elections.

Question 15

Global civil society is not new; in fact, in the ______ civil societies to end slavery were formed in the United States.

Accepted Answer

In the late 1700s, civil societies began forming in the United States with the purpose of ending slavery, marking an early instance of global civil society action.

Question 16

The philosophical understanding of global civil societies dates back to intellectuals like ______ and ______ in the 18th century.

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant and Emmerich de Vattel were influential figures in the 18th century whose ideas contributed to the philosophical understanding of global civil societies. Kant's work on perpetual peace and Vattel's contributions to international law laid foundational concepts for the development of global civil society theories.

Question 17

The difference between the initial conception of global civil societies back in the 18th century and its conception today is that, while the idea that global civil society is a place of civility remains, ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The difference between the initial conception of...

Question 18

Global civil society has strengthened over the years, with IGO engagement with INGOs developing over the course of ______ waves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Global civil society has strengthened over the...

Question 19

World Bank-funded projects involving civil society participation increasing from 21% in 1990 to 72% in 2006 were the result of which campaign aimed at shaming the IMF and World Bank into opening up to civil society?

Accepted Answer

The "50 Years is Enough" campaign was specifically aimed at reforming the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. It was launched to coincide with the 50th anniversary of these institutions, advocating for them to adopt more transparent and inclusive practices, including greater civil society participation in their projects. This campaign is credited with influencing significant changes in how these institutions operate, notably increasing the involvement of civil society in their projects.

Question 20

Which theory holds IGO-NGO engagement as a kind of public relations exercise, in which under-fire IGOs make themselves more valid by opening to NGO input?

Accepted Answer

The legitimacy theory suggests that IGOs (International Governmental Organizations) engage with NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) as a way to enhance their own legitimacy. By opening up to NGO input, IGOs can appear more transparent, accountable, and responsive to public concerns, which helps to bolster their legitimacy in the eyes of the global community.

Quiz 4: Civil Society: Agents of Change in Global Interactions