Question 1

Reliability reflects the degree to which you have confidence in your conclusions based on the research conducted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reliability reflects the degree to which you...

Question 2

If the people in your study are not randomly assigned to groups, you are completing a descriptive study design.

Accepted Answer

Non-random assignment to groups typically indicates a quasi-experimental or observational study design, not necessarily a descriptive study. Descriptive studies focus on describing characteristics of a population or phenomenon without manipulating variables.

Question 3

A common name for an experimental design is a randomized control trial.

Accepted Answer

A randomized control trial (RCT) is indeed a common type of experimental design used to test the efficacy or effectiveness of various types of interventions.

Question 4

You are studying two groups of people, which include university students and high school students. This could be an example of a quasi-experimental study design.

Accepted Answer

Quasi-experimental designs involve comparing groups that have not been randomly assigned, such as pre-existing groups like university students and high school students, making this an example of a quasi-experimental study design.

Question 5

The experimental research design is the only quantitative design used to identify a cause and effect relationship.

Accepted Answer

The experimental research design is the only quantitative design that allows for the identification of a cause-and-effect relationship because it involves manipulating an independent variable and observing the effects on a dependent variable while controlling for other variables.

Question 6

A highly-controlled environment in a research laboratory helps ensure the study's external validity.

Accepted Answer

A highly-controlled environment in a research laboratory helps ensure the study's internal validity by controlling for extraneous variables, not its external validity, which refers to the generalizability of the findings to real-world settings.

Question 7

An experimental design consists of an experimental group and a control group.

Accepted Answer

An experimental design typically includes an experimental group, which receives the treatment or intervention, and a control group, which does not receive the treatment, allowing for comparison and assessment of the treatment's effect.

Question 8

Extraneous variables should also be control variables.

Accepted Answer

Extraneous variables can influence the outcome of an experiment, so controlling them helps ensure that the results are due to the independent variable and not other factors.

Question 9

Having a pre-test is an essential condition of a true experiment.

Accepted Answer

A true experiment requires random assignment and manipulation of an independent variable, but a pre-test is not essential.

Question 10

Compared to other study designs quasi-experimental designs are usually higher on internal validity and lower on external validity.

Accepted Answer

Quasi-experimental designs often have lower internal validity due to the lack of random assignment, which can lead to selection bias and confounding variables, but they can have higher external validity as they are conducted in more natural settings.

Question 11

A single-subjects design is an example of a pre-experimental research design.

Accepted Answer

A single-subject design is not considered a pre-experimental design; it is a type of experimental design that focuses on observing the effects of an intervention on a single subject or a small group of subjects over time, allowing for the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 12

A one-time case study involves completing an assessment before the intervention, being exposed to an intervention, and then assessing the outcome of interest.

Accepted Answer

A one-time case study typically does not involve a before-and-after assessment; it usually examines a particular phenomenon or situation at a single point in time, without a pre-intervention measurement.

Question 13

A pre-experimental design examines two groups of individuals and provides an intervention to both groups during the study.

Accepted Answer

A pre-experimental design typically involves a single group that receives an intervention, without a comparison or control group.

Question 14

Define and discuss the importance of construct validity as it relates to reliability.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define and discuss the importance of construct...

Question 15

You are asked to design a true experiment. What three research design characteristics would you be sure to incorporate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are asked to design a true...

Question 16

Define external validity and discuss how experimental designs make it difficult to claim.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define external validity and discuss how experimental...

Question 17

You have just completed an experimental study design and you would like to claim that the results are an outcome of the treatment variable. What type of validity must you be confident in to make a cause-and-effect relationship claim?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have just completed an experimental study...

Question 18

Discuss common extraneous variables in kinesiology research. Why is it important to control for these variables?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss common extraneous variables in kinesiology research....

Question 19

What is the big distinguishing feature between a true experimental design and a quasi-experimental research design?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the big distinguishing feature between...

Question 20

Discuss how you could improve logical validity, construct validity, and reliability within your research study. Provide either questions you would ask yourself about the design, or steps you would take to improve logical validity, construct validity, and reliability.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how you could improve logical validity,...

Quiz 4: Quantitative Study Design