Question 1

Horowitz and Wakefield assert that the so-called epidemics of disorders like depression and anxiety are the result of overdiagnosis.

Accepted Answer

Horowitz and Wakefield argue in their work that the apparent epidemics of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety can be attributed to the broadening of diagnostic criteria, leading to overdiagnosis and the pathologizing of normal emotional responses to life's challenges.

Question 2

Schizophrenia is one of the relatively few psychological disorders for which men are at substantially higher risk.

Accepted Answer

Men are generally at a higher risk of developing schizophrenia compared to women, with onset often occurring earlier in men.

Question 3

The most common negative symptoms experienced by schizophrenics are hallucinations and delusions.

Accepted Answer

The most common negative symptoms of schizophrenia actually include things like lack of motivation, reduced speaking, diminished emotional expression, and social withdrawal. Hallucinations and delusions are considered positive symptoms.

Question 4

Although positive symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations and delusions are certainly the most exotic aspects of the illness, they often have less of an impact on the lives of most schizophrenics than negative symptoms.

Accepted Answer

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and poor social functioning, often have a more profound impact on a patient's ability to lead a normal life compared to the positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions. This is because negative symptoms directly affect motivation, communication, and the ability to carry out daily activities, making them more debilitating in terms of social and occupational functioning.

Question 5

Gur and colleagues found that schizophrenic patients and their non-schizophrenic relatives performed more poorly than people without schizophrenic relatives on emotional reactivity tests.

Accepted Answer

Gur and colleagues conducted research indicating that both schizophrenic patients and their non-schizophrenic relatives showed deficits in emotional reactivity compared to individuals without a family history of schizophrenia, suggesting a potential genetic or familial component to these impairments.

Question 6

Almost all patients with schizophrenic symptoms experience partial or full recovery by age 50.

Accepted Answer

While some patients with schizophrenia may experience periods of improvement, it is a chronic condition and many do not achieve full recovery, especially by a specific age such as 50. Treatment can help manage symptoms, but the course of the illness varies greatly among individuals.

Question 7

A person with paranoid personality disorder is more likely to interpret harmless events as evidence of elaborate plots against them than is a person with paranoid schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent. While individuals with this disorder may be overly suspicious, paranoid schizophrenia involves more severe and complex delusions, including elaborate plots against them, which are not based in reality and are more intense than the suspicions seen in paranoid personality disorder.

Question 8

If obsessive-compulsive personality disorder occurs along with a major mental disorder, it is commonly an eating disorder or mood disorder.

Accepted Answer

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) often co-occurs with other mental disorders, including eating disorders and mood disorders, such as depression or bipolar disorder. This comorbidity can complicate diagnosis and treatment.

Question 9

Therapeutic practices engaged in by proponents of DID do not usually include the use of highly powerful suggestion techniques such as hypnosis and guided imagery.

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic practices for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) often include the use of powerful suggestion techniques such as hypnosis and guided imagery to access and integrate dissociated identities.

Question 10

According to Wakefield, __________________occurs when a psychological attribute or mechanism fails to perform the function for which it was shaped through evolution by natural selection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Wakefield, __________________occurs when a psychological...

Question 11

Anxiety disorders have a high likelihood of coexisting or overlapping with one another and with other types of disorders, a problem called __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anxiety disorders have a high likelihood of...

Question 12

For those who go on to develop panic disorder, a large number also develop ___________________-a fear of being in public places, crowds, or potentially unsafe situations from which escape would be difficult.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For those who go on to develop...

Question 13

Experiences of extremely severe trauma which evoke horror, feelings of helplessness, and fear for one's life or the lives of those for whom one cares, may result in _______________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Experiences of extremely severe trauma which evoke...

Question 14

_________________ is the rarest but also the most crippling of the anxiety disorders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________________ is the rarest but also the...

Question 15

If the symptoms of depression are truly mild, but nonetheless chronic, the condition is known as ________________rather than major depression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the symptoms of depression are truly...

Question 16

The manic phase of bipolar disorder is usually described as beginning with an initially exuberant state known as ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The manic phase of bipolar disorder is...

Question 17

Schizophrenia is the most common of the _________________ disorders, those that are characterized by severely impaired ability to grasp reality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Schizophrenia is the most common of the...

Question 18

________________________ are false sensory experiences, such as hearing voices, while _____________________ are incorrect and grossly distorted thoughts and beliefs, not widely shared by other members of one's culture.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________________________ are false sensory experiences, such as...

Question 19

The term ________________ is used in cases were a clinician unwittingly (or intentionally) creates symptoms of an illness instead of healing an illness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term ________________ is used in cases...

Question 20

Both the DSM view and the myth of mental illness view of mental disorders recognize the difficulty of defining psychological dysfunction. Discuss two points of controversy about definitions of psychological dysfunction, harmful dysfunction, and personal distress. Use examples from research and the textbook.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both the DSM view and the myth...

Quiz 13: Psychological Disorders