Question 1

One way to continue to improve the scientific conclusions drawn by evolutionary psychologists would be to

Accepted Answer

Broadening the focus of research to include all representative cultures helps in creating a more comprehensive understanding of human behavior across different environments and social structures, which can improve the accuracy and applicability of evolutionary psychology conclusions.

Question 2

One difference between evolutionary psychologists and sociocultural psychologists is that the latter

Accepted Answer

The answer of One difference between evolutionary psychologists and sociocultural...

Question 3

Any enduring and cooperating group such as the Girl Scouts, the ancient Greeks, or the citizens of the United States of America can be called a

Accepted Answer

A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. This definition encompasses the examples given: the Girl Scouts, the ancient Greeks, and the citizens of the United States of America, making "society" the correct term.

Question 4

The behaviors and traditions that are transmitted to future generations can be called a

Accepted Answer

Culture refers to the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that people accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next.

Question 5

Dr. Freeman is a clinical psychologist who studies how inner-city neighborhood life effects the development of attachment styles between young mothers and their sons. Dr. Freeman's research is most in line with the

Accepted Answer

Dr. Freeman's research focuses on the impact of social and cultural environments (in this case, inner-city neighborhood life) on psychological development, aligning with the sociocultural perspective. This perspective emphasizes the influence of social contexts and cultural norms on behavior and mental processes.

Question 6

Professor Rodriguez studies intimacy by comparing the behaviors of adolescents in the United States to those of the Polynesian peoples of the Pacific. Professor Rodriguez's research is most representative of this field of psychology.

Accepted Answer

Professor Rodriguez's research focuses on comparing behaviors across different cultures, which aligns with cultural psychology. Cultural psychology examines how cultural contexts influence human behavior and thought processes.

Question 7

Geert Hofstede employed this method in order to establish specific dimensions of behavior that varied from culture to culture.

Accepted Answer

Geert Hofstede used the survey method to collect data from IBM employees in over 50 countries to establish specific dimensions of culture that vary across societies, leading to his theory of cultural dimensions.

Question 8

What does it mean to say that the United States is an individualist culture?

Accepted Answer

Individualist cultures prioritize the achievements and well-being of the individual over the collective group, which is characteristic of the United States.

Question 9

Many Asian cultures emphasize group effort, group accomplishment, and group membership and as such can be labeled

Accepted Answer

Cultures that emphasize group effort, accomplishment, and membership are described as collectivist, focusing on the needs and goals of the group as a whole rather than on individual desires.

Question 10

This dimension of cultural psychology reflects the degree to which the less powerful members of society accept and expect that some individuals will weild power while others will lack power.

Accepted Answer

Power distance is a dimension of cultural psychology that reflects how societies handle inequalities among people, specifically the extent to which less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.

Question 11

Cultures that place a heavy emphasis on competitiveness, assertiveness, ambition, and wealth are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Cultures that emphasize competitiveness, assertiveness, ambition, and wealth are referred to as "masculine" in the context of Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. This contrasts with "feminine" cultures, which value relationships, quality of life, and care for the weak.

Question 12

Cultures that place a heavy emphasis on quality of life, family, and relationships are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Feminine cultures prioritize quality of life, family, and relationships over material success and competition, which are typically valued in masculine cultures.

Question 13

Cultures that create conditions to avoid uncertainty, stress, and risk also support

Accepted Answer

Cultures that aim to avoid uncertainty, stress, and risk tend to favor structured work environments. This is because structured environments can provide clear guidelines, roles, and expectations, which help reduce ambiguity and uncertainty.

Question 14

All of the following activities were not considered morally wrong by Americans, but were considered morally wrong by Hindu Brahmans, except

Accepted Answer

In Hindu Brahman culture, it is traditionally accepted for a male child to receive a larger inheritance than his sisters, aligning with patrilineal inheritance practices.

Question 15

Which of the following situations did both Americans and Hindu Brahmans agree was morally wrong?

Accepted Answer

Both Americans and Hindu Brahmans view cutting in line as morally wrong because it violates principles of fairness and respect for others' rights, which are valued across many cultures.

Question 16

Paul Rozin's research comparing Hindu and American college students' cultural attitudes revealed that

Accepted Answer

Rozin's research highlighted the significant individual differences within cultural groups, showing that cultural stereotypes do not account for the diversity of individual attitudes and beliefs within those groups.

Question 17

Humans are motivated to maintain a positive view of themselves, and to focus on their good qualities while downplaying the bad. This known as

Accepted Answer

Self-enhancement is the process by which individuals maintain a positive view of themselves by focusing on their good qualities and downplaying their bad ones.

Question 18

Research illustrates that self-enhancement based on individual accomplishments is more likely among

Accepted Answer

Research shows that European-Americans are more likely to engage in self-enhancement based on individual accomplishments, reflecting a cultural emphasis on individualism and personal achievement.

Question 19

When self-enhancement is understood in terms of promoting attributes that are important to the self-enhancer and not in terms of individualism and collectivism, research shows that

Accepted Answer

Self-enhancement, when defined as promoting attributes important to oneself rather than through the lens of individualism or collectivism, is seen as a nearly universal trait across cultures. This perspective shifts the focus from cultural differences to a common human tendency to highlight personal attributes that are valued by the individual.

Question 20

You observe a woman yelling at a store clerk and immediately conclude that the woman is rude, mean, and selfish. If you make this conclusion without knowing that, moments before, the clerk had racially insulted the woman, you have succumbed to the

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error occurs when you attribute someone's behavior to their character or personality, without considering external factors or circumstances that may have influenced their behavior. In this scenario, concluding the woman is rude without knowing the context of the clerk's insult is an example of this error.

Quiz 3: The Nature and Nurture of Behavior