Question 1

Social facilitation is to a _____ as social inhibition is to a _____.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation refers to the tendency for people to perform better on simple tasks, or tasks at which they are skilled, in the presence of others, which is considered a process gain. Conversely, social inhibition refers to the tendency for people to perform worse on complex or unfamiliar tasks in the presence of others, which is considered a process loss.

Question 2

In 1898, Normal Triplett conducted the original studies of social facilitation. The participants in these studies were

Accepted Answer

Normal Triplett's original studies of social facilitation in 1898 involved bicyclers and children with fishing reels (often misstated as fishing rods), focusing on how their performance was influenced by the presence of others.

Question 3

In a study conducted by Hazel Markus, college students performed a difficult task (tying a lab apron behind their back) and an easy task (tying their shoes). Which of the following did she find in conditions in which an audience was present?

Accepted Answer

Markus found that the presence of an audience led to social facilitation on the easy task (tying their shoes) where performance improved, and social inhibition on the difficult task (tying a lab apron behind their back) where performance worsened.

Question 4

Which is the correct order of events in Robert Zajonc's drive-arousal model of social performance?

Accepted Answer

Zajonc's model suggests that the presence of others leads to increased arousal, which then enhances the likelihood of the dominant response occurring, ultimately affecting performance.

Question 5

Lucinda is an expert golfer, whereas Diana is not very good. According to the principles of social facilitation,

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation theory suggests that people perform better on tasks they are good at when they are in the presence of others (due to increased arousal), while they perform worse on tasks they find difficult. Therefore, Lucinda, being an expert, would play better in a group, while Diana, not being very good, would play better alone.

Question 6

Which of the following is predicted by the drive-arousal model of performance?

Accepted Answer

The drive-arousal model of performance suggests that the presence of others, whether they are actively watching the performance or merely present, can increase arousal levels, which in turn can influence performance.

Question 7

Which of the following is predicted by the evaluation-competition model of performance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is predicted by...

Question 8

Which of the following would provide support for the distraction-conflict model of performance?

Accepted Answer

The distraction-conflict model suggests that the presence of others creates a conflict between attending to the task and attending to the audience, which can impair performance on difficult tasks.

Question 9

Which of the following patterns demonstrate the Ringelmann effect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following patterns demonstrate the...

Question 10

Two explanations for the Ringelmann effect are

Accepted Answer

The Ringelmann effect refers to the phenomenon where individual productivity decreases as the size of the group increases. This is primarily due to two reasons: social loafing, where individuals exert less effort in a group compared to when working alone, and coordination losses, where inefficiencies in organizing group work lead to reduced productivity.

Question 11

Latané and his colleagues had research participants shout alone, in nominal groups, and in real groups. Which of the following equations represents the loudness of shouting, per person, in each of the conditions?

Accepted Answer

In Latané's research on social loafing, individuals tend to exert less effort when working in real groups compared to when they are alone or in nominal groups. Thus, the loudness of shouting is highest when alone, followed by nominal groups, and lowest in real groups.

Question 12

Latané and his colleagues had research participants shout alone, in nominal groups, and in real groups. The logic of the study was that _____ losses would be found in nominal groups, but that _____ would be found in real groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Latané and his colleagues had research participants...

Question 13

In which of the following situations would social loafing most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is more likely to occur in situations where individual contributions are not identifiable, as in option B, because people may exert less effort if they believe their individual effort will not be recognized.

Question 14

In which of the following situations would social loafing most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is more likely to occur in large groups because individuals may feel that their contributions are less noticeable or that others will pick up the slack, reducing their personal effort.

Question 15

Norbert Kerr conducted an experiment in which participants worked together on a task that required pumping air by squeezing a rubber bulb. In conditions in which the partner pumped enough air for the pair, the participant

Accepted Answer

When the partner pumped enough air for the pair, the participant engaged in free riding, as they relied on the partner's effort and reduced their own effort since the task was being completed without their full contribution.

Question 16

Norbert Kerr conducted an experiment in which participants worked together on a task that required pumping air by squeezing a rubber bulb. In conditions in which the partner was able to pump air but failed to do so, the participant

Accepted Answer

Kerr's experiment demonstrated the "sucker effect," where participants slackened their effort to avoid being perceived as a "sucker" when they noticed their partner could contribute but chose not to. This is a reaction to prevent oneself from being exploited by others' laziness or free-riding behavior.

Question 17

Laurie lives in a house with three roommates. Normally, Laurie is very conscientious about doing the housework - she keeps up with the dishes and the other household tasks. Laurie notices, however, that her roommates are not doing their share of the housework, and so she stops doing the work herself. Laurie is experiencing

Accepted Answer

The sucker effect occurs when individuals reduce their effort because they feel others are not pulling their weight, to avoid feeling exploited or like a "sucker." Laurie stops doing the housework as she notices her roommates are not contributing, which aligns with the sucker effect.

Question 18

The general finding in research testing the effectiveness of brainstorming is that brainstorming

Accepted Answer

Research on brainstorming has generally found that it is not as effective as people often expect. Studies have shown that individuals working alone can generate more ideas or solutions than the same number of people brainstorming together, due to factors such as social loafing, production blocking, and evaluation apprehension.

Question 19

Which of the following have been proposed as reasons why brainstorming is often not effective?

Accepted Answer

Brainstorming can be less effective due to social loafing (individuals exerting less effort in a group), evaluation apprehension (fear of being judged by others), and production blocking (when one person's contribution hinders another's ability to contribute).

Question 20

When Diehl and Stroebe gave their brainstorming groups extra time to work,

Accepted Answer

Diehl and Stroebe's research found that even when brainstorming groups were given extra time, they did not perform as well as nominal groups (individuals working separately and then pooling their ideas). This is attributed to process losses such as production blocking and evaluation apprehension in real groups.

Quiz 9: Group Performance and Productivity

Social facilitation is to a _ as social inhibition is to a _.

In 1898, Normal Triplett conducted the original studies of social facilitation. The participants in these studies were

In a study conducted by Hazel Markus, college students performed a difficult task (tying a lab apron behind their back) and an easy task (tying their shoes) . Which of the following did she find in conditions in which an audience was present?

Which is the correct order of events in Robert Zajonc's drive-arousal model of social performance?

Lucinda is an expert golfer, whereas Diana is not very good. According to the principles of social facilitation,

Which of the following is predicted by the drive-arousal model of performance?

Which of the following is predicted by the evaluation-competition model of performance?

Which of the following would provide support for the distraction-conflict model of performance?

Which of the following patterns demonstrate the Ringelmann effect?

Two explanations for the Ringelmann effect are

Latané and his colleagues had research participants shout alone, in nominal groups, and in real groups. Which of the following equations represents the loudness of shouting, per person, in each of the conditions?

Latané and his colleagues had research participants shout alone, in nominal groups, and in real groups. The logic of the study was that _ losses would be found in nominal groups, but that _ would be found in real groups.

In which of the following situations would social loafing most likely be observed?

In which of the following situations would social loafing most likely be observed?

Norbert Kerr conducted an experiment in which participants worked together on a task that required pumping air by squeezing a rubber bulb. In conditions in which the partner pumped enough air for the pair, the participant

Norbert Kerr conducted an experiment in which participants worked together on a task that required pumping air by squeezing a rubber bulb. In conditions in which the partner was able to pump air but failed to do so, the participant

The general finding in research testing the effectiveness of brainstorming is that brainstorming

Which of the following have been proposed as reasons why brainstorming is often not effective?

When Diehl and Stroebe gave their brainstorming groups extra time to work,