Question 1

In your text, psychology is defined as the _____.

Accepted Answer

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This includes the study of both observable behaviors and internal mental processes such as thoughts, emotions, and perceptions. Psychology seeks to understand how these factors interact and influence behavior.

Question 2

A "Freudian slip" is said to reveal:

Accepted Answer

A Freudian slip is believed to reveal a person's true, unconscious desires and conflicts, usually by an inadvertent mistake in speech or action. It is seen as a manifestation of repressed thoughts or feelings that are trying to surface into consciousness.

Question 3

The science of psychology began in 1879 in Germany with Wilhelm ___________.

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is known as the founder of psychology for opening the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in 1879. Skinner, James, and Freud were all influential psychologists, but they came after Wundt and did not contribute to the beginnings of the science of psychology in the same way that he did.

Question 4

The psychological perspective that emphasizes objective, observable environmental influences of overt behavior is called the __________________________

Accepted Answer

The behavioral perspective emphasizes on studying the objective, observable environmental influences on overt behavior, which is the correct description given in option D. Option A, psychodynamic perspective, is focused on the unconscious and internal conflict. Option B, functionalist perspective, emphasizes on the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior. Option C, overt perspective, is not a recognized perspective in psychology.

Question 5

The sound of music makes your feet start tapping. A behaviorist would say that the music is a _____, because it causes you to start foot-tapping.

Accepted Answer

A stimulus is anything that elicits a response or behavior. In this case, the music is the stimulus that elicits the behavior of foot-tapping.

Question 6

In your textbook, the process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information is called _____.

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question is what is commonly known as Critical Thinking, where individuals question assumptions, evaluate information and arguments, weigh evidence, and come to conclusions based on careful deliberation. This process is integral to making informed decisions and understanding complex issues.

Question 7

The belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on one's behavior is part of what theory of personality?

Accepted Answer

The belief in the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior is a key aspect of the psychoanalytic theory of personality developed by Sigmund Freud.

Question 8

Psychotherapy or "talk therapy" was developed by whom as a way to deal with unconscious conflicts?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud developed psychotherapy or "talk therapy" as a way to deal with unconscious conflicts, which he believed were the root cause of mental illness.

Question 9

Dr. John Watson, from the _____ school of psychology, focused on objective, observable behavior rather than on the unconscious.

Accepted Answer

Dr. John Watson is typically associated with the behavioral school of psychology, which emphasizes the importance of observable behavior and focuses on how stimuli in the environment shape behavior. This approach stands in contrast to the psychoanalytic approach, which emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and internal conflicts.

Question 10

Modern-day psychology emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

Critical thinking is emphasized in modern-day psychology as it encourages individuals to question, evaluate, and analyze information before drawing conclusions or making decisions. This approach helps psychologists to avoid biases and to gather more accurate and reliable data. Psychology emphasizes the importance of scientific evidence and empirical research, which requires critical thinking to interpret and understand.

Question 11

Diane is keeping an in-depth record of her conscious awareness, including the basic sensations, images, feelings, and thoughts that she is aware of experiencing. Diane is practicing what Wundt would call _________.

Accepted Answer

Wundt is known for developing the method of introspection, which involves individuals observing and reporting on their own internal experiences, including sensations, images, feelings, and thoughts. Therefore, Diane is practicing introspection by keeping an in-depth record of her conscious awareness.

Question 12

Which of the following is a mental process?

Accepted Answer

Remembering, speaking, and reading are all mental processes.

Question 13

Dr. Kaplan makes up her responses to radio listeners, using mostly her own "common sense", personal beliefs, and values-rather than scientific research. This practice is more like _____ than _____.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Kaplan's approach of relying on personal beliefs and values rather than scientific research is a characteristic of pseudopsychology, which is not based on empirical evidence and lacks scientific rigor. This is different from psychology, which is a discipline that uses the scientific method to study human behavior and mental processes.

Question 14

Structuralism, although short-lived, made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it ________________.

Accepted Answer

Structuralism provided a methodology for the scientific study of mental processes through introspection, which involved the careful observation and reporting of one's own conscious experiences. This approach laid the groundwork for the development of modern experimental psychology and helped to establish psychology as a legitimate scientific discipline.

Question 15

_____ investigates how mental processes help people adapt to their environment.

Accepted Answer

Functionalism is a psychological approach that focuses on the function of mental processes, specifically how they help individuals adapt to their environment. Structuralism, Gestalt, and cognitive processing do not place as much emphasis on adaptation to the environment.

Question 16

Functionalism made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it ____________________

Accepted Answer

Functionalism emphasized the study of observable behavior and mental processes, expanding the scope of psychology beyond just the study of consciousness. This included considering topics such as emotions, motivation, and individual differences in experience and behavior.

Question 17

The psychological school of thought called structuralism is associated with _____ and engages in the method of studying experience called _____.

Accepted Answer

Structuralism is associated with Wundt and Titchener, and it engages in the method of studying experience called introspection. James is associated with functionalism, and Freud and Jung are associated with psychoanalysis.

Question 18

The term introspection means _______________

Accepted Answer

Introspection refers to the examination of one's own thoughts and feelings, which involves looking inward rather than outward.

Question 19

The clinician who was fascinated by the ability of the unconscious mind to influence the body was ________________.

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud was a clinician who developed the theory of psychoanalysis, which focused on the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior, thoughts, and emotions. He believed that unresolved conflicts and repressed memories in the unconscious mind could cause psychological problems and physical symptoms.

Question 20

The psychoanalytic/psychodynamic perspective is associated with _____.

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic/psychodynamic perspective is associated with Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis.

Quiz 1: Introduction and Research Methods