Question 1

Motivation is BEST defined as _____.

Accepted Answer

Motivation is a complex process that involves both internal and external factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior toward a goal. This includes factors like needs, desires, goals, incentives, and rewards, as well as biological and psychological processes that influence behavior. Therefore, A is the best choice as it covers all aspects of motivation. B is too narrow, as it only focuses on the physiological and psychological aspects of motivation, while C and D are too vague and do not fully capture the complexity of the concept.

Question 2

In the drive-reduction theory, motivation decreases once _____ occurs.

Accepted Answer

According to the drive-reduction theory, motivation stems from the need to reduce physiological tensions and restore balance, or homeostasis, such as hunger or thirst. Once homeostasis is reached, the motivation to reduce the drive decreases.

Question 3

A behavior pattern that is unlearned and found in almost all members of a species is called _____.

Accepted Answer

An unlearned behavior pattern that is almost universal among members of a species is referred to as an instinct. A reflex is an unlearned response to a specific stimulus, while routine implies a series of learned behaviors that become automatic over time. Impossible does not fit the question as it is not a behavior pattern.

Question 4

Zuckerman's test for sensation seeking measures which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Zuckerman's test for sensation seeking measures four characteristics: thrill seeking, experience seeking, disinhibition, and susceptibility to boredom. It does not measure dangerousness or antisocial traits, physical prowess or creativity, or creative morality or charisma.

Question 5

In recent times, the case for instincts in humans has been supported by _____.

Accepted Answer

Sociobiologists argue that humans have innate, biological instincts that have evolved over time and are critical to survival and reproduction. They also believe that these instincts shape our behavior and social interactions.

Question 6

Performance is BEST for most tasks when you are experiencing _____ levels of arousal.

Accepted Answer

Moderate levels of arousal tend to produce the best performance for most tasks. This is known as the Yerkes-Dodson Law, which states that performance increases with arousal up to a moderate point, after which further increases in arousal lead to decreased performance. High levels of arousal can lead to anxiety, which impairs performance, while low levels of arousal can lead to boredom and lack of motivation, also impairing performance.

Question 7

According to your textbook, motivation _____ behavior and emotion _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your textbook, motivation _____ behavior...

Question 8

Assume that you want to perform well on this test, but you feel anxious about your ability to do so. In this case, your desire to perform well is related to your _____ state, while your anxiety is related to your _____ state.

Accepted Answer

Your desire to perform well is related to your motivational state, as it drives you to achieve a specific goal. Your anxiety about your ability to perform well is related to your emotional state, as it reflects your feelings and emotional response to the situation.

Question 9

Sociobiologist, Edward O. Wilson believes that humans also have instincts like _________, genetically transmitted from one generation to the next.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sociobiologist, Edward O. Wilson believes that humans...

Question 10

Emotion is BEST defined as _____.

Accepted Answer

Emotion can be defined as a subjective feeling that includes multiple components such as physiological arousal, cognitive interpretation of the situation, and behavioral expression. This definition encompasses the complexity of emotions and acknowledges the various ways in which they are experienced and expressed by individuals.

Question 11

_____ theory suggests that organisms are motivated to achieve and maintain an ideal or optimal level of stimulation that maximizes their performance.

Accepted Answer

The optimal arousal theory suggests that organisms are motivated to maintain an ideal level of stimulation. This level varies depending on the person and situation, but typically falls somewhere in the middle between too little stimulation (which leads to boredom and disinterest) and too much stimulation (which leads to anxiety and stress). The goal is to find the sweet spot that maximizes performance and satisfaction. Drive reduction theory suggests that behavior is motivated by the need to reduce physiological drives (e.g. hunger or thirst), while incentive theory suggests that behavior is motivated by external rewards or punishments. Instinct theory suggests that behavior is driven by innate, fixed patterns of behavior.

Question 12

In the _____ theory of motivation, a lack or a deficiency of something creates a state of tension that motivates us to reduce the deficiency.

Accepted Answer

The drive-reduction theory of motivation emphasizes the role of biological needs or drives as a primary motivator for behavior. According to this theory, a lack or deficiency of something creates a state of tension or arousal that motivates us to reduce the deficiency and return to a state of equilibrium. For example, hunger creates a drive to eat, and thirst creates a drive to drink. Once these needs are satisfied, the drive or tension is reduced and motivation decreases. The other choices are not accurate descriptions of the drive-reduction theory.

Question 13

Sociobiologists emphasized that _____ are inborn genetic factors in motivation.

Accepted Answer

Sociobiologists emphasized that instincts are inborn genetic factors in motivation.

Question 14

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

Accepted Answer

The drive-reduction theory actually focuses on internal motivations, such as the need to reduce physiological imbalances (like hunger or thirst) in order to achieve homeostasis. It does not emphasize external stimuli.

Question 15

Gaston and Page got married on a high bridge and started their honeymoon with a bungee-jump from the bridge. Which type of motive BEST explains their behavior?

Accepted Answer

The arousal motive refers to the need for an optimal level of stimulation, which may lead to individuals seeking out novel and exciting experiences such as bungee-jumping on their honeymoon.

Question 16

Sensation seeking is related to _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sensation seeking is related to _____.
...

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the arousal motive?

Accepted Answer

The arousal motive is the desire to maintain an optimal level of arousal, which is neither too high nor too low. This optimal level varies depending on the individual and the task at hand. Choice B is false as the arousal motive is observed in non-human species as well. Choice C is not always true as performance can be negatively affected by too much arousal. Choice D is also not always true as performance can be negatively affected by too little arousal.

Question 18

You bring a package home from the department store and your dog immediately jumps on you to investigate it; your 3-year-old niece comes to visit and opens all your kitchen cupboards to see what is inside; on a television documentary program, you see a monkey trying to open a box left in its cage. All of these are examples of _____.

Accepted Answer

These examples illustrate the arousal motive, which is the drive to seek out new and different things for the purpose of stimulation and exploration.

Question 19

_____ is the body's tendency to maintain a relatively stable state for internal processes.

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. This is achieved through various mechanisms such as feedback loops and hormonal regulation. Option B (Heterogeneity) is not related to the concept of maintaining internal stability. Option C (Drive-induction) refers to the urge to fulfill a certain biological need, such as hunger or thirst, and is not directly related to maintaining homeostasis. Option D (Biostability) is a term that is not commonly used in biology and does not accurately describe the concept of homeostasis.

Question 20

According to Zuckerman, which of the following people will have the MOST difficulty in their career or home relationships?

Accepted Answer

Yachi is a low sensation seeker working as an air traffic controller, which requires a high level of arousal and stimulation. This mismatch between Yachi's personality and job demands will likely lead to difficulties in her career.

Quiz 12: Motivation and Emotion