Question 1

Many groups share elements of the mainstream culture while remaining culturally distinct from both the dominant group and other social and ethnic groups.__________ is the coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society.

Accepted Answer

Ethnic pluralism refers to the coexistence of multiple distinct racial and ethnic groups within a society while maintaining their unique cultural identities. This choice fits with the description of groups remaining culturally distinct from both the dominant group and other social and ethnic groups. The other choices, psychological pluralism and internal pluralism, do not specifically relate to the coexistence of different ethnic groups within a society. Cultural pluralism is a close second as it also refers to the coexistence of different cultural groups, but ethnic pluralism specifically focuses on racial and ethnic diversity within a society.

Question 2

Cultural assimilation in this country initially followed a(n) __________ model.

Accepted Answer

"Anglo conformity" refers to the process of immigrants conforming to White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) culture and adopting English language and customs in order to assimilate into mainstream society. This model was prevalent in the 19th and early 20th century and was promoted by government policies and social pressures towards homogeneity.

Question 3

A small group of white students deface a professor's office with racist epithets; however,their actions are not supported by other students or members of the faculty.According to sociologist Joe Feagin,these students' behavior illustrates __________ discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The behavior of the small group of white students who defaced a professor's office with racist epithets is an example of small-group discrimination, which occurs when a small group of individuals use discriminatory behavior or language towards members of another group. This behavior is not supported by the larger student body or faculty, and therefore does not qualify as direct institutionalized or indirect institutionalized discrimination. The behavior is also not isolated, as it involves a group of individuals.

Question 4

__________ assimilation occurs when members of one group marry those of other social or ethnic groups.

Accepted Answer

Biological assimilation, also known as amalgamation, refers to the intermarriage between members of different ethnic or racial groups.

Question 5

Sociologist Joe Feagin identified __________ as organizationally prescribed or community prescribed action that intentionally has a differential and negative impact on members of subordinate groups.These actions are routinely carried out by a number of dominant group members based on the norms of the immediate organization or community.

Accepted Answer

Direct institutionalized discrimination is organizationally prescribed or community prescribed action that intentionally has a differential and negative impact on members of subordinate groups. It is carried out by a number of dominant group members based on the norms of the immediate organization or community. This differs from indirect institutionalized discrimination, which is unintentional and may be the result of seemingly neutral policies or practices. Small-group discrimination and isolate discrimination refer to individual or small group actions rather than systemic discrimination.

Question 6

__________ examine how microlevel contacts between people may produce either greater racial tolerance or increased levels of hostility.

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionists focus on how individuals interact with one another and how those interactions shape society. They are interested in how microlevel contacts between people can produce either greater racial tolerance or increased levels of hostility.

Question 7

Interactionists point out that when people from divergent groups are exposed to each other,favorable attitudes and behavior develop when certain factors are present.Which of the following is NOT one of these factors?

Accepted Answer

Interactionists argue that when people from divergent groups are exposed to each other, favorable attitudes and behaviors develop when the members of each group have equal status, cooperate with one another to achieve their goals, and receive positive feedback when they interact with one another in positive, nondiscriminatory ways. Pursuing different goals does not necessarily lead to favorable attitudes and behavior, and may even exacerbate intergroup tensions.

Question 8

Inequalitarian pluralism describes a situation in which specific ethnic groups are set apart from the dominant group and have unequal access to power and privilege.This pattern is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Segregation refers to the practice of setting apart specific ethnic groups and denying them equal access to resources, opportunities, and power. This is a common pattern in inequality where dominant groups maintain a position of power and privilege over minority groups. In contrast, miscegenation refers to race mixing or intermarriage between different ethnic groups, accommodation refers to a process of negotiation and compromise between different groups, and incompatibility refers to a situation where groups have irreconcilable differences or conflict.

Question 9

__________ assimilation involves a change in racial or ethnic self-identification on the part of an individual.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ assimilation involves a change in racial...

Question 10

Special education classes were originally intended to provide extra educational opportunities for children with various types of disabilities.Some critics claim that these programs have amounted to racial segregation in many school districts.According to sociologist Joe Feagin,these policies illustrate __________ discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Special education classes were originally intended to...

Question 11

Sociologist Joe Feagin referred to __________ as practices that have a harmful impact on subordinate group members even though the organizationally or community prescribed norms or regulations guiding these actions were initially established with no intent to harm.

Accepted Answer

Indirect institutionalized discrimination refers to practices that have a harmful impact on subordinate group members even though the organizationally or community prescribed norms or regulations guiding these actions were initially established with no intent to harm. This can occur through policies, procedures, or practices that have unintended consequences, such as hiring processes that unintentionally screen out qualified members of certain demographic groups.

Question 12

Equalitarian pluralism describes a situation in which ethnic groups coexist in equality with one another.This pattern is also referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Equalitarian pluralism refers to the coexistence of different ethnic groups in a society, and accommodation describes this situation where groups are able to live alongside one another in peaceful coexistence. Miscegenation refers to the interbreeding of different races, while segregation and compatibility do not capture the notion of equality between groups.

Question 13

In recent years,the __________ has given way to dozens of smaller wars over ethnic dominance.

Accepted Answer

The Cold War, which was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States, ended in the early 1990s, leading to the emergence of smaller conflicts often driven by ethnic and regional tensions.

Question 14

__________ assimilation occurs when members of an ethnic group adopt dominant group traits,such as language,dress,values,religion,and food preferences.

Accepted Answer

Cultural assimilation refers to the process of adopting the cultural traits of the dominant group, including language, dress, values, religion, and food preferences. Structural assimilation refers to the integration of the dominant and minority groups within society, while biological assimilation refers to the intermarriage and mixing of genetic traits. Psychological assimilation refers to the individual's adoption of the norms and values of the dominant culture.

Question 15

__________ is the coexistence of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society.

Accepted Answer

Ethnic pluralism refers to the coexistence of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society, where each group retains its own cultural identity, values, and traditions. This promotes diversity and tolerance of different cultures within a society. Cultural blending and biological mixing are not necessarily related to the coexistence of distinct racial and ethnic groups, and psychological assimilation suggests the assimilation or integration of different groups into a dominant culture.

Question 16

Sociologist Joe Feagin identified __________ as harmful action intentionally taken by a dominant group member against a member of a subordinate group.This type of discrimination occurs without the support of other members of the dominant group in the immediate social or community context.

Accepted Answer

Isolate discrimination is harmful action intentionally taken by a dominant group member against a member of a subordinate group. This type of discrimination occurs without the support of other members of the dominant group in the immediate social or community context. The other options refer to different types of discrimination.

Question 17

Sociologist Joe Feagin identified __________ as harmful action intentionally taken by a limited number of dominant group members against members of subordinate groups.This type of discrimination is not supported by existing norms or other dominant group members in the immediate social or community context.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sociologist Joe Feagin identified __________ as harmful...

Question 18

A prejudiced judge gives harsher sentences to all African American defendants,even though he is not supported by the judicial system in his actions.According to sociologist Joe Feagin,this illustrates __________ discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Isolate discrimination refers to the actions of an individual who discriminates based on personal prejudice, without the support or institutional backing of the system they are a part of. In this case, the judge acts on personal biases, not institutional policy or support.

Question 19

__________ is a process by which members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups become absorbed into the dominant culture.

Accepted Answer

Assimilation is the process in which members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups eventually adopt the culture of the dominant group, often resulting in the loss of their own cultural practices and traditions. This may occur through a variety of means, including education and socialization, intermarriage, and economic and political pressures. Pluralism, on the other hand, refers to a society in which diverse cultures and ethnic groups coexist and maintain their individual identities, while participation simply refers to involvement in a common activity or process. Colonialism is the establishment and maintenance of political and economic control over other countries or territories.

Question 20

In the __________ hypothesis,symbolic interactionists point out that when people from divergent groups are exposed to each other,favorable attitudes and behavior develop when certain factors are present.

Accepted Answer

The contact hypothesis suggests that favorable attitudes and behavior develop between people from different groups when they have contact with each other, provided that certain factors are present. Symbolic interactionists believe that how people interact with each other in these situations is crucial for creating positive outcomes.

Quiz 10: Race and Ethnicity