Question 1

Temperature receptors that signify heat when they are activated:
A) also signify cold when they are inhibited
B) generally signify cold when they are inactive
C) oppose the activity of receptors signifying cold
D) may respond simultaneously with receptors signifying cold

Accepted Answer

Temperature receptors that signify heat can respond simultaneously with receptors that signify cold, as they are part of a complex system that helps the body detect and respond to temperature changes.

Question 2

If a key is pressed on a piano,the frequency of the resulting sound will determine the _____,and the amplitude will determine the _____ of the perceived musical note.
A) timbre; intensity
B) intensity; timbre
C) loudness; pitch
D) pitch; loudness

Accepted Answer

Pitch is determined by the frequency of the sound wave, and loudness is determined by the amplitude of the sound wave. Timbre refers to the unique quality of a sound, and intensity is related to the strength or power of a sound.

Question 3

Haptic experiences are the result of:
A) the integration of multiple signals and higher-level mental processes
B) the integration of signals from all of our senses
C) the integration of pressure and pain signals
D) the integration of tactile sensations and higher-level mental processes

Accepted Answer

Haptic experiences are the result of the integration of multiple signals and higher-level mental processes. This includes the integration of tactile sensations, such as pressure and temperature, as well as other sensory modalities, such as vision and audition.

Question 4

Avi broke his ankle skiing.At first,he felt a sharp and intense pain.The next day,the sharp pain was gone,but his ankle throbbed almost all the time.The sharp immediate pain was due to _____; the later throbbing pain was due to _____.
A) unmyelinated axons; myelinated axons
B) myelinated axons; unmyelinated axons
C) pain receptors; pressure receptors
D) pressure receptors; pain receptors

Accepted Answer

The sharp immediate pain is due to signals being transmitted by myelinated axons, which transmit signals quickly and with high intensity. The later throbbing pain is due to signals being transmitted by unmyelinated axons, which transmit signals slowly and with lower intensity.

Question 5

When Margot was a child,her mother baked bread on Fridays.As an adult,whenever Margot smells bread baking she remembers her mother and feels happy.The mood and memories result from the processing of smell information in the:
A) thalamus
B) olfactory epithelium
C) haptic receptor
D) prefrontal cortex

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is involved in processing emotions and memories, which is why Margot feels happy and remembers her mother when she smells bread baking.

Question 6

Regarding smell,which of the following statements is probably most accurate?
A) People are better at discriminating among odors than they are at identifying them; men generally outperform women.
B) People are better at discriminating among odors than they are at identifying them; women generally outperform men.
C) People are better at identifying odors than they are at discriminating among them; men generally outperform women.
D) People are better at identifying odors than they are at discriminating among them; women generally outperform men.

Accepted Answer

According to research, people are generally better at discriminating among odors (i.e., determining if two odors are the same or different) than they are at identifying them (i.e., naming the odor). Women tend to have a better sense of smell than men, so they generally outperform men in both discrimination and identification tasks.

Question 7

Of the types of haptic receptors described in your text,those that respond to _____ are found throughout the body,not just in the skin.
A) pain
B) cold
C) vibration
D) steady pressure

Accepted Answer

Pain receptors, also known as nociceptors, are found throughout the body, including in the skin, muscles, joints, and some internal organs, allowing them to detect harmful stimuli and potential damage.

Question 8

Temperature,pain,and pressure are components of the _____ sense.
A) olfactory
B) vestibular
C) gustatory
D) haptic

Accepted Answer

Temperature, pain, and pressure are all part of the haptic sense, which refers to the sense of touch and the perception of sensation through the skin, muscles, and joints. The other options (olfactory, vestibular, and gustatory) refer to the sense of smell, balance, and taste, respectively, and are not related to the components listed.

Question 9

Days after breaking his nose in a football game,Ben still perceives a dull pain in his nose.The throbbing ache travels along _____ pain fibers,which are _____.
A) slow; unmyelinated
B) slow; myelinated
C) fast; unmyelinated
D) fast; myelinated

Accepted Answer

Slow pain fibers are unmyelinated, which means that they conduct pain signals slower than myelinated fibers. Therefore, the dull pain perceived by Ben after breaking his nose is most likely carried by slow, unmyelinated pain fibers.

Question 10

Ouch! A paper cut! The sharp sting travels along _____ pain fibers,which are _____.
A) slow; unmyelinated
B) slow; myelinated
C) fast; unmyelinated
D) fast; myelinated

Accepted Answer

In general, pain fibers that transmit sharp, immediate pain are myelinated and fast. Paper cuts are a type of sharp pain, so the fibers involved would be fast and myelinated.

Question 11

Ultimately,changes in air pressure underlie the sense of:
A) audition
B) olfaction
C) gustation
D) vision

Accepted Answer

Audition refers to the sense of hearing, which is based on the detection of changes in air pressure (i.e. sound waves). Olfaction (B) refers to the sense of smell, which is based on chemical receptors in the nasal passages. Gustation (C) refers to the sense of taste, which is based on taste receptors on the tongue. Vision (D) refers to the sense of sight, which is based on the detection of light waves by specialized cells in the eyes.

Question 12

The process by which a sound is transformed into a neural signal involves which of the following sequences of transformations?
A) sound wave à eardrum vibration à pressure wave in fluid
B) eardrum vibration à pressure wave in fluid à sound wave
C) sound wave à pressure wave in fluid à eardrum vibration
D) eardrum vibration à sound wave à pressure wave in fluid

Accepted Answer

Sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate, which then creates pressure waves in the fluid of the cochlea, leading to the transformation into neural signals.

Question 13

_____ has the most direct route to the brain because it is the only sense that bypasses the _____.
A) The haptic sense; thalamus
B) Gustation; hypothalamus
C) The kinesthetic sense; hypothalamus
D) Olfaction; thalamus

Accepted Answer

Olfaction (sense of smell) has the most direct route to the brain because it is the only sense that bypasses the thalamus, which acts as a relay station for all other senses. Instead, olfactory information is sent directly to the olfactory bulbs, which are located in the brain's limbic system, associated with emotions and memories.

Question 14

An odor is most likely encoded by a(n):
A) single receptor specialized for that odor
B) activation pattern across several receptor types
C) single olfactory and a single gustatory receptor
D) activation pattern across several olfactory and gustatory receptor types

Accepted Answer

An odor is typically detected by a unique combination of activation across multiple receptor types, rather than a single specialized receptor for that specific odor. This allows for a wide range of detectable odors with the limited number of receptors available in the olfactory system.

Question 15

With respect to the properties of the sound wave,a higher-pitched sound is one that is higher in _____,which is measured in _____.
A) amplitude; hertz
B) amplitude; decibels
C) frequency; hertz
D) frequency; decibels

Accepted Answer

A higher-pitched sound has a higher frequency, which is measured in hertz. Amplitude is the measure of the sound wave's intensity, while decibels are the unit of measurement for sound intensity.

Question 16

Dogs can hear higher-frequency sounds than people can.This fact suggests that there is an anatomical difference in the:
A) ear drum
B) cochlea
C) auditory nerve
D) basilar membrane

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dogs can hear higher-frequency sounds than people...

Question 17

Meg is rehearsing the solo for her dance performance.In order to perform her solo well,Meg has to be aware of the position of her arms and legs in space.To do this,Meg relies on her _____ sense.
A) motion
B) olfactory
C) haptic
D) visual

Accepted Answer

The answer of Meg is rehearsing the solo for her...

Question 18

Juan and Joseph are opera singers.Juan is a baritone.Joseph is a tenor: his voice is higher-pitched.With respect to their physical properties,the sound waves corresponding to Juan's voice are lower in _____ than those corresponding to Joseph's voice; that is,they are lower in _____.
A) frequency; decibels
B) frequency; hertz
C) amplitude; decibels
D) amplitude; hertz

Accepted Answer

The term "pitch" refers to the perceived highness or lowness of a sound, which is directly related to the frequency of the sound waves. A higher-pitched sound wave has a higher frequency, while a lower-pitched sound wave has a lower frequency. Therefore, Juan's lower-pitched voice will have sound waves that are lower in frequency (Choice B) compared to Joseph's higher-pitched voice. The term "decibels" refers to the magnitude of the sound wave or its loudness, while the term "hertz" refers to the frequency of the sound wave. The amplitude of a sound wave refers to its maximum displacement from its rest position, and is not directly related to pitch.

Question 19

What is the primary purpose of cells in the olfactory bulb?
A) to receive nerve impulses and pass them through the thalamus
B) to receive nerve impulses and relay the signal to other brain areas
C) to receive odorants and pass them through the thalamus
D) to receive odorants and relay the signal to other brain areas

Accepted Answer

The cells in the olfactory bulb are responsible for receiving nerve impulses from the olfactory receptor cells in the nasal cavity and relaying the signals to other brain areas involved in the processing of smell such as the piriform cortex and the entorhinal cortex. Therefore, option B is the correct answer as it states that the cells in the olfactory bulb relay the signal to other brain areas.

Question 20

In smell,_____ are chemicals released by animals that cause physiological and behavioral effects on other members of the same species.
A) odorants
B) hormones
C) pheromones
D) epithelia

Accepted Answer

Pheromones are chemicals released by animals that trigger a physiological and behavioral response in other members of the same species. Odorants are any type of volatile chemicals that can be detected by the olfactory system. Hormones are chemicals produced by glands in the body that regulate various bodily functions. Epithelia are layers of cells that cover the surface of the body or line internal organs.

Quiz 4: Sensation and Perception

Temperature receptors that signify heat when they are activated:

If a key is pressed on a piano,the frequency of the resulting sound will determine the _,and the amplitude will determine the _ of the perceived musical note.

Haptic experiences are the result of:

Avi broke his ankle skiing.At first,he felt a sharp and intense pain.The next day,the sharp pain was gone,but his ankle throbbed almost all the time.The sharp immediate pain was due to _; the later throbbing pain was due to _.

When Margot was a child,her mother baked bread on Fridays.As an adult,whenever Margot smells bread baking she remembers her mother and feels happy.The mood and memories result from the processing of smell information in the:

Regarding smell,which of the following statements is probably most accurate?

Of the types of haptic receptors described in your text,those that respond to _____ are found throughout the body,not just in the skin.

Temperature,pain,and pressure are components of the _____ sense.

Days after breaking his nose in a football game,Ben still perceives a dull pain in his nose.The throbbing ache travels along _ pain fibers,which are _.

Ouch! A paper cut! The sharp sting travels along _ pain fibers,which are _.

Ultimately,changes in air pressure underlie the sense of:

The process by which a sound is transformed into a neural signal involves which of the following sequences of transformations?

_ has the most direct route to the brain because it is the only sense that bypasses the _.

An odor is most likely encoded by a(n) :

With respect to the properties of the sound wave,a higher-pitched sound is one that is higher in _,which is measured in _.

Dogs can hear higher-frequency sounds than people can.This fact suggests that there is an anatomical difference in the:

Meg is rehearsing the solo for her dance performance.In order to perform her solo well,Meg has to be aware of the position of her arms and legs in space.To do this,Meg relies on her _____ sense.

Juan and Joseph are opera singers.Juan is a baritone.Joseph is a tenor: his voice is higher-pitched.With respect to their physical properties,the sound waves corresponding to Juan's voice are lower in _ than those corresponding to Joseph's voice; that is,they are lower in _.

What is the primary purpose of cells in the olfactory bulb?

In smell,_____ are chemicals released by animals that cause physiological and behavioral effects on other members of the same species.