Question 1

In contrast to the _____ model,the biopsychosocial model focuses on multiple aspects of health and well-being.
A) single stratum
B) medical
C) componential
D) interactive

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model is in contrast with the medical model, which focuses solely on the biological components of health and well-being. The biopsychosocial model, on the other hand, emphasizes the interdependent relationships among biological, psychological, and social factors in shaping health and wellbeing. The other choices (single stratum, componential, and interactive) do not accurately describe the contrast between the two models.

Question 2

Which of the following interventions has the greatest potential for reducing the number of adolescent deaths?
A) methamphetamine awareness
B) accident prevention
C) AIDS awareness
D) anorexia prevention

Accepted Answer

Accident prevention has the greatest potential for reducing the number of adolescent deaths as unintentional injuries are the leading cause of mortality in this age group. Strategies that address motor vehicle crashes, drowning, firearm injuries, and other types of accidents have been effective in reducing deaths among adolescents. While awareness campaigns about methamphetamine, AIDS, and anorexia may certainly be important, they do not have as direct an impact on mortality rates as accident prevention interventions.

Question 3

Juan-Carlos is extremely afraid of being attacked and killed by sharks,even though he very rarely goes swimming in the ocean.This example illustrates the fact that:
A) people often fear the wrong causes of death
B) both common and rare events are highly stressful
C) shark attacks are becoming increasingly common
D) men tend to be afraid of rare events, whereas women are afraid of more common events

Accepted Answer

Juan-Carlos' fear is disproportionate to the actual likelihood of being attacked by a shark, which is a rare event. This illustrates the fact that people often fear the wrong causes of death, as they tend to overestimate the risk of rare, dramatic events and underestimate the risk of more common, mundane events.

Question 4

Teenagers and young adults are most likely to die from:
A) car accidents
B) homicides
C) suicide
D) AIDS

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), car accidents are the leading cause of death for teenagers and young adults in the United States. Homicides and suicides are also significant causes of death for this age group, but car accidents are the most common. AIDS is not a common cause of death for teenagers and young adults in the US.

Question 5

Health psychology is considered a(n)_____ field.
A) medical
B) interactive
C) isolated
D) interdisciplinary

Accepted Answer

Health psychology involves collaboration between a range of disciplines including psychology, medicine, public health, and social sciences. Therefore, it is an interdisciplinary field.

Question 6

Thoughts and behaviors affect the environment.The environment affects human biology.In turn,biology affects behavior.This description fits the:
A) medical model
B) multistratum model
C) circularity model
D) biopsychosocial model

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model recognizes that biological, psychological, and social factors all interact and influence each other in complex ways. This description of thoughts, behaviors, and the environment affecting each other in a circular manner, with biology playing a role as well, fits within the framework of the biopsychosocial model.

Question 7

Health psychologists focus on:
A) the absence of disease
B) subjective reports of health more than research findings
C) theories rather than research
D) promoting health and well-being

Accepted Answer

Health psychologists focus on promoting health and well-being, which involves understanding and changing behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and emotions related to health. While they may use theories and subjective reports of health in their work, their ultimate goal is to improve overall health and wellness.

Question 8

Compared to the medical model of health,the biopsychosocial model:
A) includes more factors
B) ignores human biology
C) is rarely used in practice
D) is more simplistic

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model includes more factors than the medical model, as it takes into account not only biological factors but also psychological and social factors that can affect health.

Question 9

The leading cause of death in the United States is:
A) car accidents
B) suicide
C) AIDS
D) heart disease

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, responsible for about one in every four deaths.

Question 10

Dr.Anh decides to test her drug,Sarzone,against a placebo in two randomly selected patient groups.She finds that in both patient groups,20 percent of the patients reported fewer symptoms.Dr.Anh should conclude that:
A) drugs are often ineffective in treating illness
B) she made some mistakes in her research design
C) patient expectations have little to do with the drug effects
D) Sarzone has no effect beyond that of patient expectations

Accepted Answer

Since both patient groups had the same percentage of patients reporting fewer symptoms, it is likely that the effect is due to patient expectations rather than the drug itself. Therefore, Dr. Anh should conclude that Sarzone has no effect beyond that of patient expectations.

Question 11

Dr.Haverford suggests to her patient that the patient's mood problems stem from serotonin dysregulation,but mentions nothing about social or behavioral factors related to mood.Dr.Haverford is using which approach to understanding the patient's problems?
A) the intradisciplinary model
B) the behaviorist model
C) the single stratum model
D) the medical model

Accepted Answer

Dr. Haverford is using the medical model, which focuses primarily on biological and physiological factors in understanding and treating mental health problems, while neglecting social and behavioral factors.

Question 12

The fact that when you are sick you will almost always get better defines:
A) problem-focused coping
B) a facet of positive psychology
C) the medical model of health
D) the principle of regression to the mean

Accepted Answer

The principle of regression to the mean states that extreme or unusual events are likely to be followed by more normal events. In the case of illness, this means that people who are extremely sick are likely to get better, regardless of any intervention, simply because their illness is likely to naturally regress towards the mean (i.e. health). Therefore, the fact that people generally get better when they are sick is best defined by the principle of regression to the mean. Choice A (problem-focused coping) pertains to a coping strategy in response to stress, Choice B (positive psychology) is a field of study focusing on positive aspects of human experience, and Choice C (the medical model of health) refers to a framework for understanding health and illness that emphasizes biological and physiological factors.

Question 13

Psychiatrists often view their patients' problems using a medical model perspective.This means that,in the eyes of the psychiatrist,a patient should:
A) take a leading role in his or her own treatment
B) accept the psychiatrist's recommendations
C) focus on multiple kinds of alternative therapies
D) seek out drug therapy plus talk therapy to increase well-being

Accepted Answer

The medical model perspective in psychiatry emphasizes diagnosis and treatment based on medical science, where the psychiatrist's recommendations are typically followed as part of the treatment plan.

Question 14

If Dr.Arzun is using the biopsychosocial model as a frame of reference for understanding heart disease,she will be most likely to recommend which of the following for a patient with heart disease?
A) medication
B) exercise
C) stress reduction
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model recognizes that heart disease is influenced not only by biological factors but also by psychological and social factors. Therefore, Dr. Arzun is likely to recommend a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses all aspects of the patient's health. This may include medication for the biological component, exercise for the physical component, and stress reduction techniques for the psychological component. Therefore, all of the options (A, B, and C) are likely to be recommended by Dr. Arzun.

Question 15

According to the traditional medical model,individuals are _____ recipients in their health and well-being,whereas in the biopsychosocial model individuals take a(n)_____ role in their health and well-being.
A) passive; active
B) active; passive
C) active; neutral
D) neutral; passive

Accepted Answer

In the traditional medical model, individuals are seen as passive recipients of treatment and care, whereas in the biopsychosocial model individuals are seen as active participants in their own health and well-being, taking responsibility for their lifestyles, environmental factors, and social support networks.

Question 16

Sarah is trying to function at her best and be the healthiest person she can possibly be.Sarah is concerned with her own:
A) positive emotionalism
B) well-being
C) health empowerment
D) self-control

Accepted Answer

The term "well-being" is directly related to being healthy and functioning at one's best. Therefore, Sarah's concern with being the healthiest she can be reflects her concern with her own well-being.

Question 17

The placebo effect is most often based on:
A) whether or not the placebo is prescribed by a doctor
B) patient expectations about the placebo's effectiveness
C) the dosage of the placebo
D) the initial, biochemical effect of the placebo

Accepted Answer

The placebo effect is based on patient expectations about its effectiveness. Placebos do not have any active ingredients, but the belief that they will have a therapeutic effect can result in improvement of symptoms. Research shows that the strength of the placebo effect is closely related to patients’ beliefs and expectations of the treatment.

Question 18

Based on the principle of regression to the mean,if LeShaun received an award for academic excellence in grade 7,but never received awards before that point,how is he likely to perform in grades 8-12?
A) He will perform about the same as in grade 7.
B) He will perform much worse than in grades 1-7.
C) He will perform about the same as in grades 1-6.
D) His performance will gradually get better and better throughout grades 8-12.

Accepted Answer

Regression to the mean suggests that after an extreme performance, such as receiving an award, future performances are likely to be closer to the individual's average performance level. Therefore, LeShaun is likely to perform similarly to his average performance in grades 1-6.

Question 19

A researcher tells his participants that a specific biofeedback technique will make them experience pain relief,even though the researcher knows this technique is not actually effective.After participants have practiced the biofeedback technique,brain scans of their brain areas associated with pain relief should show:
A) no effects in these brain areas
B) activation patterns similar to those seen with pain relief
C) activation in brain areas related to skepticism
D) less activation in those brain areas than before the biofeedback training

Accepted Answer

Even though the biofeedback technique is not actually effective, the participants were told that it would provide pain relief. This suggestion may create a placebo effect, where the participants' expectations and beliefs can influence their experience of pain relief. This may activate brain areas associated with pain relief, even though the actual biofeedback technique is not responsible for any relief. Therefore, the brain scans of the participants' brain areas associated with pain relief should show activation patterns similar to those seen with pain relief.

Question 20

Which of the following variables contribute to how much pain is felt?
A) context
B) expectations
C) thoughts about the pain
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the above variables contribute to how much pain is felt. The context in which the pain occurs, such as the environment or situation, can have an effect on how much pain is felt. Expectations of pain, whether positive or negative, can also impact the perception of pain. Thoughts about the pain, including the interpretation and meaning assigned to it, can influence pain perception as well.

Quiz 11: Health and Well-Being

In contrast to the _____ model,the biopsychosocial model focuses on multiple aspects of health and well-being.

Which of the following interventions has the greatest potential for reducing the number of adolescent deaths?

Juan-Carlos is extremely afraid of being attacked and killed by sharks,even though he very rarely goes swimming in the ocean.This example illustrates the fact that:

Teenagers and young adults are most likely to die from:

Health psychology is considered a(n) _____ field.

Thoughts and behaviors affect the environment.The environment affects human biology.In turn,biology affects behavior.This description fits the:

Health psychologists focus on:

Compared to the medical model of health,the biopsychosocial model:

The leading cause of death in the United States is:

Dr.Anh decides to test her drug,Sarzone,against a placebo in two randomly selected patient groups.She finds that in both patient groups,20 percent of the patients reported fewer symptoms.Dr.Anh should conclude that:

Dr.Haverford suggests to her patient that the patient's mood problems stem from serotonin dysregulation,but mentions nothing about social or behavioral factors related to mood.Dr.Haverford is using which approach to understanding the patient's problems?

The fact that when you are sick you will almost always get better defines:

Psychiatrists often view their patients' problems using a medical model perspective.This means that,in the eyes of the psychiatrist,a patient should:

If Dr.Arzun is using the biopsychosocial model as a frame of reference for understanding heart disease,she will be most likely to recommend which of the following for a patient with heart disease?

According to the traditional medical model,individuals are _ recipients in their health and well-being,whereas in the biopsychosocial model individuals take a(n) _ role in their health and well-being.

Sarah is trying to function at her best and be the healthiest person she can possibly be.Sarah is concerned with her own:

The placebo effect is most often based on:

Based on the principle of regression to the mean,if LeShaun received an award for academic excellence in grade 7,but never received awards before that point,how is he likely to perform in grades 8-12?

Which of the following variables contribute to how much pain is felt?