Question 1

Research on the effects of exercise has shown that it can have beneficial effects on:
A) cognition
B) memory
C) depression
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that exercise can have beneficial effects on cognition, including attention, processing speed, and executive function. It can also improve memory and reduce symptoms of depression. Therefore, all of the above choices are correct.

Question 2

Based on what you know about the prevalence rates of smoking,where would you expect to find the most lung cancer deaths in the next 20 years?
A) urban cities in the United States
B) rural communities in the United States
C) China
D) France

Accepted Answer

China has the highest prevalence of smoking in the world, with over 300 million smokers. This puts it at a higher risk for having the most lung cancer deaths in the next 20 years, as smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer. Urban cities in the United States may also have high lung cancer rates due to higher smoking rates and exposure to pollution, but China's much larger population and higher prevalence of smoking make it a more likely candidate for the highest number of lung cancer deaths. Rural communities in the United States have lower smoking rates compared to urban areas, while France has lower smoking rates and stricter tobacco laws in place, so they are not as likely to have the highest number of lung cancer deaths.

Question 3

If people did not possess dopamine neurons,addiction to nicotine would be:
A) less likely
B) more likely
C) unaffected
D) strong at first and weak later

Accepted Answer

Dopamine neurons play a critical role in the brain's reward circuitry by releasing dopamine when a pleasurable experience occurs. Nicotine (found in cigarettes) is known to stimulate the release of dopamine, leading to feelings of pleasure and reward. Therefore, without dopamine neurons, the pleasurable effects of nicotine would not be as potent and addiction would be less likely to occur.

Question 4

In which of the following groups are people most likely to exercise regularly?
A) European Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) African Americans

Accepted Answer

European Americans have been found in some studies to have higher rates of regular exercise compared to other ethnic groups in the United States.

Question 5

According to your textbook,a large study found what type of relationship between peoples' attitudes and their health?
A) People with positive attitudes are unhealthier than people with negative attitudes.
B) People with positive attitudes are healthier than people with negative attitudes.
C) People with positive attitudes are equally as healthy as people with negative attitudes.
D) The results of the study were inconclusive.

Accepted Answer

The answer can be found in the textbook, which states that "a large study conducted over 30 years found that people with more positive attitudes tend to have better health than those with negative attitudes" (p. 137). Therefore, choice B is the correct answer.

Question 6

Evidence suggests that some individuals are more prone to become regular smokers than are others.One factor involves:
A) a greater tendency to have acetylcholine pathways in the brain
B) a cascade of HPA activation
C) parents and peers who smoke
D) the absence of antidrug programs in school

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that having parents and peers who smoke greatly increases the likelihood of someone becoming a regular smoker themselves. Social factors such as these often have a stronger influence on smoking behavior than biological factors such as acetylcholine pathways in the brain or HPA activation. The absence of antidrug programs in school may also play a role in smoking behavior, but it is not as significant as social influences.

Question 7

Serena is experiencing mild depression.She would like to help herself feel happier.Which of the following activities should elevate Serena's mood,at least for a few weeks?
A) asking for a promotion at work
B) making one new friend a day for a month or more
C) writing a letter to someone expressing positive and negative feelings about past events
D) expressing gratitude to someone who has helped her

Accepted Answer

Expressing gratitude has been shown to have a positive effect on one's mood and well-being. It helps to focus on positive aspects of life and promotes positive emotions. Therefore, expressing gratitude to someone who has helped Serena would be a good choice to elevate her mood. Option A involves stress and pressure, which may exacerbate Serena's depression. Option B may also add stress and pressure to make new friends every day, which may not be feasible or realistic. Option C may bring up negative emotions and memories, which may not be helpful in Serena's current state.

Question 8

Dr.Zakaria,a young faculty member at XYZ University,is interested in how personal characteristics such as hopefulness,trustworthiness,and kindness affect self-perceived happiness.Dr.Zakaria is most likely a:
A) cognitive psychologist
B) positive psychologist
C) psychoanalyst
D) humanistic psychologist

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology focuses on studying positive emotions and experiences, such as happiness and well-being, and how they can be fostered and enhanced. Dr. Zakaria's interest in personal characteristics and how they affect happiness aligns with the goals of positive psychology. Cognitive psychology focuses on studying mental processes such as perception, attention, and memory. Psychoanalysis focuses on exploring unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences to understand behavior. Humanistic psychology emphasizes the potential for personal growth and self-actualization. None of these approaches directly align with Dr. Zakaria's research interests.

Question 9

LaShawna has no siblings,and her parents do not smoke.Jayda has an older brother and mother who smoke.Who would be more likely to start smoking,and why?
A) LaShawna, because her dopamine neurons are more sensitive to nicotine
B) LaShawna, because smoking would be a novel and exciting experience
C) Jayda, because her family members act as role models for smoking
D) both girls are equally likely to start smoking

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that having family members who smoke increases the likelihood of an individual starting smoking themselves, as they see the behavior being modeled and potentially normalized. The presence of siblings or lack thereof, as well as the parents' smoking habits, do not necessarily play a significant role in an individual's decision to start smoking.

Question 10

Jamie has an older brother who smokes.Jamie is:
A) less likely to start smoking than other kids
B) more likely to start smoking than other kids
C) no more and no less likely to start smoking than other kids
D) more likely to be a problem drinker, whether or not he smokes

Accepted Answer

Having an older sibling who smokes can increase the likelihood of younger siblings starting to smoke due to social influence and modeling behavior.

Question 11

Which of the following states is NOT characterized as one of the three components of happiness?
A) being acknowledged by others as a successful person
B) having meaning in life
C) having positive emotions and pleasure
D) being engaged in life

Accepted Answer

The three components of happiness are typically described as positive emotions and pleasure, engagement in life, and having meaning in life. Being acknowledged by others as a successful person is not typically included as one of the three components.

Question 12

The most central goal of the positive psychology movement is to:
A) promote positive change in society, such as by advocating for peace
B) convince people that they have much in life to be grateful for
C) study and understand psychological well-being
D) train people to become positive and more effective leaders

Accepted Answer

The most central goal of the positive psychology movement is to study and understand psychological well-being. While promoting positive change in society and training people to become positive and effective leaders may be related goals, they are not the primary focus of positive psychology. Gratitude may be a key component of psychological well-being, but it is not the sole focus.

Question 13

For weeks,Niesha has had a cut on her hand that has not healed.According to evidence presented in the text,what can she do to increase her skin's healing?
A) eat less fat and sugar
B) increase the number of hours she spends in prayer
C) do aerobic exercise regularly
D) practice Zen meditation

Accepted Answer

Doing aerobic exercise regularly can increase blood flow and oxygen delivery to the cut, which can promote healing. Eating less fat and sugar may have other health benefits, but it is not directly related to wound healing. Prayer and meditation may have psychological benefits, but there is no evidence that they can directly enhance skin healing.

Question 14

According to the results of one study,those members of ethnic minorities in the United States who are more _____ are most likely to exercise regularly.
A) independent
B) nonacculturated
C) acculturated
D) aligned with their ethnic group

Accepted Answer

The study found that individuals who were more acculturated, meaning they had adapted to American culture to some extent, were more likely to exercise regularly. This suggests that assimilation into mainstream American culture may play a role in promoting health behaviors among ethnic minorities.

Question 15

Researchers who are part of the positive psychology movement would look to which of the following well-known,classical psychologists as a role model?
A) Hans Selye
B) Abraham Maslow
C) B. F. Skinner
D) Sigmund Freud

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology focuses on promoting positive emotions and traits such as happiness, gratitude, and resilience. Abraham Maslow, who developed the theory of self-actualization and the hierarchy of needs, is seen as a key figure in the field of positive psychology. Maslow emphasized the importance of personal growth, motivation, and fulfilling one's potential. His ideas align with the goals of positive psychology.

Question 16

Milo is training for an international chess competition and thinks that if he "increases his brain volume" he will do better in the competition.Which of the following actions should Milo take to increase his brain volume?
A) reduce the number of hours he watches television
B) go on a vegetarian diet
C) pray
D) exercise

Accepted Answer

Exercise has been shown to increase the production of growth factors in the brain, which can lead to increased brain volume and improved cognitive function. While reducing TV time and eating a healthy diet may also have mental health benefits, they do not directly increase brain volume. Praying may have a positive impact on mental health, but there is no scientific evidence to support the idea that it directly increases brain volume.

Question 17

If cigarettes contained no nicotine,the brain's dopamine neurons would be:
A) overstimulated by smoking
B) less affected by smoking
C) inhibited by smoking
D) easily activated at first but inactive after the first cigarette

Accepted Answer

Nicotine is a highly addictive substance that affects dopamine levels in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is responsible for feelings of pleasure and reward. When nicotine enters the brain, it causes dopamine levels to increase, which creates a sense of pleasure and satisfaction. Without nicotine, there would be no increase in dopamine levels, and therefore the brain's dopamine neurons would be less affected by smoking.

Question 18

Exercise could be described as "Miracle Gro for our brains." This is because the fertilizer Miracle Gro is for grass what exercise is for:
A) reproductive hormones
B) the glands
C) the bloodstream
D) neurons

Accepted Answer

Exercise is like Miracle Gro for our brains because it boosts the growth of new neurons and improves the functioning of existing ones. Therefore, the correct choice is D, neurons.

Question 19

Kristine's frequent drug use has resulted in some short- and long-term memory impairment.Now that Kristine has quit using drugs,which of the following should her doctor recommend to help Kristine enhance her memory functioning?
A) prayer
B) exercise
C) social support
D) increasing her self-esteem

Accepted Answer

Exercise has been shown to improve cognitive function and memory, even in individuals with previous substance use. It can also help reduce stress and improve mood, which can also positively impact memory. While social support and self-esteem are important for overall well-being, they may not have as direct an impact on memory function. Prayer may have personal benefits, but there is no scientific evidence linking it to improved memory functioning.

Question 20

Approximately how many teenagers who start smoking will continue smoking into adulthood?
A) 10 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 80 percent

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately how many teenagers who start smoking...

Quiz 11: Health and Well-Being

Research on the effects of exercise has shown that it can have beneficial effects on:

Based on what you know about the prevalence rates of smoking,where would you expect to find the most lung cancer deaths in the next 20 years?

If people did not possess dopamine neurons,addiction to nicotine would be:

In which of the following groups are people most likely to exercise regularly?

According to your textbook,a large study found what type of relationship between peoples' attitudes and their health?

Evidence suggests that some individuals are more prone to become regular smokers than are others.One factor involves:

Serena is experiencing mild depression.She would like to help herself feel happier.Which of the following activities should elevate Serena's mood,at least for a few weeks?

Dr.Zakaria,a young faculty member at XYZ University,is interested in how personal characteristics such as hopefulness,trustworthiness,and kindness affect self-perceived happiness.Dr.Zakaria is most likely a:

LaShawna has no siblings,and her parents do not smoke.Jayda has an older brother and mother who smoke.Who would be more likely to start smoking,and why?

Jamie has an older brother who smokes.Jamie is:

Which of the following states is NOT characterized as one of the three components of happiness?

The most central goal of the positive psychology movement is to:

For weeks,Niesha has had a cut on her hand that has not healed.According to evidence presented in the text,what can she do to increase her skin's healing?

According to the results of one study,those members of ethnic minorities in the United States who are more _____ are most likely to exercise regularly.

Researchers who are part of the positive psychology movement would look to which of the following well-known,classical psychologists as a role model?

Milo is training for an international chess competition and thinks that if he "increases his brain volume" he will do better in the competition.Which of the following actions should Milo take to increase his brain volume?

If cigarettes contained no nicotine,the brain's dopamine neurons would be:

Exercise could be described as "Miracle Gro for our brains." This is because the fertilizer Miracle Gro is for grass what exercise is for:

Kristine's frequent drug use has resulted in some short- and long-term memory impairment.Now that Kristine has quit using drugs,which of the following should her doctor recommend to help Kristine enhance her memory functioning?

Approximately how many teenagers who start smoking will continue smoking into adulthood?