Question 1

The _____ deal(s)with motivating behavior; the _____ deal(s)with cold cognitions.
A) limbic system; frontal cortex
B) frontal cortex; limbic system
C) subcortical brain regions; prefrontal cortex
D) prefrontal cortex; subcortical brain regions

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ deal(s)with motivating behavior; the _____...

Question 2

Why is sensory-specific satiety adaptive?
A) It increases the likelihood that nutritional needs will be met.
B) It decreases the likelihood of maladaptive obesity.
C) It increases the likelihood of adaptation to a vanishing food source.
D) It decreases the likelihood of ingesting poisonous substances.

Accepted Answer

Sensory-specific satiety is adaptive as it increases the likelihood that nutritional needs will be met as we get bored/tired of tasting or smelling the same food, allowing us to switch to other types of food that may contain different and necessary nutrients.

Question 3

When the lateral region of the hypothalamus is damaged,rats will develop _____,which leads to _____.
A) aphagia; weight loss
B) hyperphagia; obesity
C) aphagia; obesity
D) hyperphagia; weight loss

Accepted Answer

The lateral hypothalamus is involved in hunger regulation. Damage to this area can cause aphagia, which is a refusal to eat, leading to weight loss.

Question 4

On the basis of recent research,the phrase misery loves company would be more accurate if it was:
A) misery loves miserable company
B) misery loves any company
C) misery loves reassuring company
D) misery loves happy company

Accepted Answer

Recent research suggests that people who are feeling miserable may actually prefer the company of others who are also feeling miserable. This is because being around happy people can make them feel worse about their own situation, while being with others who are also unhappy can provide a sense of validation and social support. Therefore, choice A, "misery loves miserable company," is the most fitting option.

Question 5

Weight-loss programs frequently suggest that you use small plates.According to the concept of sensory-specific satiety,why might this strategy be effective for limiting the amount you eat?
A) The small plate will be a cue to remembering your diet.
B) You will eat a smaller amount of a smaller portion.
C) You will eat more slowly so as not to finish too soon.
D) There will not be room on the plate for too many different foods.

Accepted Answer

Sensory-specific satiety refers to the reduced desire to continue consuming a particular food. Using a small plate limits the variety of foods you can serve, potentially reducing the likelihood of overeating due to less exposure to different tastes and textures.

Question 6

Which of the following actions will NOT increase the likelihood of a young child's learning to like an unfamiliar food?
A) initially giving the child small amounts
B) initially sweetening the food
C) initially putting the food inside a familiar food that the child likes
D) having the child watch a family member eating the food

Accepted Answer

Hiding the food inside a familiar food may not help the child learn to like the new food on its own, as it doesn't allow the child to experience the new food's taste and texture independently.

Question 7

Need to belong theory states that the human need for interpersonal attachments is adaptive.As discussed in your text,belonging is a basic motive like hunger because NOT belonging:
A) makes people seek food
B) can make you die of starvation
C) has negative health consequences
D) creates physical pain due to longing

Accepted Answer

According to the text, not belonging has negative health consequences which can affect a person's physical and mental well-being. While hunger can lead to seeking food and starvation can also cause negative health consequences, the text specifically mentions the negative health consequences of not belonging. Physical pain due to longing is also mentioned but is not as comprehensive as the explanation for C.

Question 8

People tend to eat much more from a buffet than they will eat if they order a meal.Given what you know about eating behavior,how might you explain this result?
A) People eat more when there is variety.
B) Smaller portions create the illusion of eating less.
C) A subset of a large set of choices seems smaller than it is.
D) People eat more in an unstructured situation.

Accepted Answer

People tend to eat more when there is a larger variety of food choices available. Buffets typically have a wider range of foods than a single meal order, leading people to try more things and eat more overall. This is known as the "buffet effect."

Question 9

Andie,Alex,Josh,and Matthew are waiting to get flu shots.Getting shots does not bother Andie and Alex,but it makes Josh and Matthew nervous.Josh is most likely to want to wait:
A) by himself
B) with all three of the other people
C) only with Matthew
D) only with Andie and Alex

Accepted Answer

Since Josh and Matthew are both nervous about getting shots, it's likely that they will want to support each other and wait together. Andie and Alex, who are not bothered by shots, are less likely to need or offer support. Waiting with all three others or by himself would not provide the specific support Josh may want.

Question 10

Esmeralda is very anxious about taking her final exam in organic chemistry.Instead of doing last-minute studying in her dorm,Esmeralda goes to the exam room.Several students are already there,discussing their nervousness about the final.Social comparison theory would predict that Esmeralda will _____ in the presence of other anxious people.
A) become more anxious
B) become too aroused
C) feel validated
D) both A and B

Accepted Answer

Social comparison theory suggests that individuals evaluate their own feelings and abilities by comparing themselves to others. In the presence of other anxious students, Esmeralda is likely to feel validated in her own anxiety, as she sees that others share similar feelings.

Question 11

Research has shown that being socially isolated increases the risk of illness by the same amount as smoking a pack of cigarettes a day.This finding supports the idea that the need for _____ is a fundamental adaptive motive.
A) actualization
B) belonging
C) efficacy
D) affiliation

Accepted Answer

The finding supports the idea that the need for belonging is a fundamental adaptive motive, as social connections are crucial for mental and physical health.

Question 12

Nitya has been eating a large tuna fish sandwich.After eating the first half,she is no longer hungry and wraps the other half for later.When she is putting the wrapped sandwich in the fridge,she notices a piece of apple pie and ends up eating the whole piece.The most likely reason that Nitya felt hungry when she saw the new food is:
A) gourmand syndrome
B) stretch receptors
C) set point
D) sensory-specific satiety

Accepted Answer

Sensory-specific satiety is the phenomenon where a person becomes full or satiated from a specific type of food but may still have appetite for other types of food that are visually or aromatically distinct. In this case, Nitya felt hungry again when she saw the apple pie because it was a different type of food that she had not yet eaten.

Question 13

Blythe had a large and late breakfast.Even though she was planning to skip lunch,she starts to feel hungry at noon and decides to eat.The best explanation for Blythe's decision would come from:
A) classical conditioning
B) poor self-regulation
C) homeostatic adjustment
D) low self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Blythe had a large and late breakfast.Even...

Question 14

Which brain region shows decreased activity when the same food is eaten repeatedly,but shows increased activity when a new food is presented?
A) frontal lobes
B) thalamus
C) amygdala
D) hippocampus

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which brain region shows decreased activity when...

Question 15

Last night,Gavan had a wonderful dinner of many courses.In the morning,he is so full that he cannot imagine eating.At his early morning meeting,pastries are available.Though everyone else is eating and the pastries look and smell delicious,Gavan is too full to try one.Yet a few minutes later,he feels quite hungry.The best explanation for Gavan's hunger would come from:
A) a failure of satiety cues
B) poor self-regulation
C) classical conditioning
D) observational learning

Accepted Answer

Gavan's sudden hunger could be explained by classical conditioning, where the sight and smell of pastries (conditioned stimuli) trigger a hunger response (conditioned response) despite his previous fullness.

Question 16

Who is likely to pay the most attention to social information?
A) Nabil, who is outgoing and has many friends
B) Susanne, who is shy but has several close friends
C) Akemi, who has few close friends but belongs to many social groups
D) Jacob, who is shy and does not know very many people

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who is likely to pay the most...

Question 17

People become full fairly quickly when they have only one type of food to eat because of:
A) ease of self-regulation
B) classical conditioning
C) sensory-specific satiety
D) habituation of taste receptors

Accepted Answer

Sensory-specific satiety refers to the phenomenon where people become less interested in a food after eating a large amount of it due to sensory boredom. This reduces the desire to continue eating that food and ultimately results in feelings of fullness.

Question 18

Damaging the ventromedial region of the hypothalamus of a rat will cause _____,and as a result the rat will become _____.
A) hyperphagia; dangerously thin
B) aphagia; obese
C) aphagia; dangerously thin
D) hyperphagia; obese

Accepted Answer

Damaging the ventromedial region of the hypothalamus of a rat will cause hyperphagia, which is an increase in appetite and food intake. As a result, the rat will become obese.

Question 19

Students have been asked to leave the library and wait several blocks away.In which of the following situations would the students be most likely to want to wait together?
A) There is a routine fire drill.
B) There is a bomb threat.
C) There is a film crew taping a news segment.
D) No explanation has been given, but nobody is concerned.

Accepted Answer

In a situation with a bomb threat, students would likely feel safer and more comfortable waiting together for further instruction or updates.

Question 20

Remy the rat has lost his appetite and is losing so much weight that he is in danger of dying.Remy most probably has damage to the _____ region of the hypothalamus.
A) ventromedial
B) lateral
C) anterior
D) superior

Accepted Answer

The lateral hypothalamus is responsible for stimulating hunger. Damage to this area can lead to a loss of appetite and weight loss.

Quiz 10: Emotion and Motivation

The _ deal(s) with motivating behavior; the _ deal(s) with cold cognitions.

Why is sensory-specific satiety adaptive?

When the lateral region of the hypothalamus is damaged,rats will develop _,which leads to _.

On the basis of recent research,the phrase misery loves company would be more accurate if it was:

Weight-loss programs frequently suggest that you use small plates.According to the concept of sensory-specific satiety,why might this strategy be effective for limiting the amount you eat?

Which of the following actions will NOT increase the likelihood of a young child's learning to like an unfamiliar food?

Need to belong theory states that the human need for interpersonal attachments is adaptive.As discussed in your text,belonging is a basic motive like hunger because NOT belonging:

People tend to eat much more from a buffet than they will eat if they order a meal.Given what you know about eating behavior,how might you explain this result?

Andie,Alex,Josh,and Matthew are waiting to get flu shots.Getting shots does not bother Andie and Alex,but it makes Josh and Matthew nervous.Josh is most likely to want to wait:

Research has shown that being socially isolated increases the risk of illness by the same amount as smoking a pack of cigarettes a day.This finding supports the idea that the need for _____ is a fundamental adaptive motive.

Blythe had a large and late breakfast.Even though she was planning to skip lunch,she starts to feel hungry at noon and decides to eat.The best explanation for Blythe's decision would come from:

Which brain region shows decreased activity when the same food is eaten repeatedly,but shows increased activity when a new food is presented?

Who is likely to pay the most attention to social information?

People become full fairly quickly when they have only one type of food to eat because of:

Damaging the ventromedial region of the hypothalamus of a rat will cause _,and as a result the rat will become _.

Students have been asked to leave the library and wait several blocks away.In which of the following situations would the students be most likely to want to wait together?

Remy the rat has lost his appetite and is losing so much weight that he is in danger of dying.Remy most probably has damage to the _____ region of the hypothalamus.