Question 1

One brain scan study showed that in white participants,the threat-detecting amygdala is activated _____ on exposure to pictures of black faces,producing immediate negative responses; whereas frontal lobe activity indicating cognitive judgments activated more _____.

Accepted Answer

The sentence states that the amygdala is activated quickly on exposure to pictures of black faces, producing immediate negative responses. This indicates a fast and automatic response. In contrast, frontal lobe activity indicating cognitive judgments is activated more slowly, indicating a more deliberate and thoughtful response. Therefore, the best option is D) quickly; slowly.

Question 2

Ruomei has never liked biology,but she has a crush on her lab partner and always enjoys going to class because she sees him there.Ruomei's friends are surprised to hear that Ruomei now likes biology and is planning to take another class in the subject.Ruomei's new liking for biology:

Accepted Answer

Ruomei's new liking for biology is a result of classical conditioning, where her positive feelings towards her lab partner have been associated with the biology class, leading her to develop a liking for the subject itself.

Question 3

Since coming to college,Roger has eaten many kinds of foods that he had never even heard of before.He has found that he dislikes oysters but enjoys sushi.What difference could you predict between his attitudes to oysters and sushi?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Since coming to college,Roger has eaten many...

Question 4

Tyronne really disliked the latest hit song when he first heard it.He would grimace every time it was played on the radio.After hearing the song many times,he is surprised to realize that he has come to like it.Tyronne is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Tyronne is experiencing the mere exposure effect, which is the phenomenon of developing a preference for something simply because it is familiar or has been encountered repeatedly.

Question 5

Lucia has just declared a major in engineering.You could predict that she will now see other engineering students as _____ and see liberal arts students as _____.

Accepted Answer

Lucia is likely to see other engineering students as unique individuals because she identifies with them, while she may see liberal arts students as very similar to each other due to out-group homogeneity bias.

Question 6

When white participants in a psychology study were shown pictures of black faces,the _____ was/were immediately activated.With more time,the _____ was/were activated.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala was immediately activated in response to black faces, indicating a quick emotional response to racial stimuli. With more time, the frontal lobes were activated, indicating a more cognitive processing of the stimuli. This supports the idea that initial unconscious biases can be overcome with conscious effort to control them.

Question 7

Ted has been assigned to work on a linguistics project with a returning student in her 40s.Ted is worried that his partner will not be as sharp and motivated as a younger student.He recognizes that this is a stereotype and works to suppress it.Research indicates that:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that inhibiting stereotyped thinking is difficult and requires self-control, but it is not impossible. Ted recognizes his stereotype and is actively trying to suppress it, which is a step in the right direction. Age is not a determining factor in motivation or intelligence, so option D is an unfounded stereotype. Option A is also incorrect as research indicates that stereotypes can be overcome with effort. Option B is not a sufficient solution as simply deciding someone is smart may not be enough to eradicate deeply ingrained stereotypes.

Question 8

In a jigsaw classroom,students:

Accepted Answer

In a jigsaw classroom, students work together in small mixed-ability groups to learn material and must rely on both ingroup and outgroup members to succeed. This promotes interdependence, cooperation, and positive relationships between students of different backgrounds. Choice A is incorrect because jigsaw classrooms aim to reduce barriers between existing outgroups, not create new ingroups. Choice B is incorrect because jigsaw classrooms promote cooperation within the group, not competition. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to studying customs, which is not a primary goal of the jigsaw method.

Question 9

White participants in a psychology study were asked to decide,as rapidly as possible,whether an object that they had been briefly shown was a gun or a tool.Before seeing the picture,they were briefly shown a picture of either a black face or a white face.When the subjects saw a black face,they:

Accepted Answer

The study suggests that racial bias influenced the participants' perceptions, leading them to identify guns more quickly and mistakenly identify tools as guns when primed with a black face.

Question 10

When public schools were desegregated,people thought that simply having black kids and white kids attend school together would reduce stereotypes and prejudice.Given what you know about the Sherif studies on groups and prejudice,why did this approach not work?

Accepted Answer

The Sherif studies on groups and prejudice showed that contact alone was not enough to overcome ingrained hostility between groups. This suggests that simply having black and white kids attend school together would not automatically reduce stereotypes and prejudice. Other strategies, such as actively promoting positive interactions and addressing systemic inequalities, would be necessary to create a truly integrated and equitable learning environment.

Question 11

Shared goals that require cooperation can result in reduced:

Accepted Answer

Shared goals that require cooperation can lead to reduced prejudice because when people work together towards a common goal, they are more likely to form positive relationships and see each other as individuals rather than members of a particular group. This can help break down stereotypes and reduce prejudice. However, it is important to note that this outcome is not guaranteed - sometimes shared goals can actually increase prejudice if they result in competition or conflict between groups.

Question 12

Attitudes are evaluations of:

Accepted Answer

Attitudes can be evaluations of objects, events, or ideas, hence the answer is all of the above.

Question 13

If people are randomly assigned to Groups A and B,you could predict that the members of each group will:

Accepted Answer

Random assignment does not eliminate ingroup bias, which is a natural tendency to favor one's own group.

Question 14

Mr.Ahkbar is the principal of a military school that has had only male students.This fall,for the first time,girls are being admitted.The boys are very hostile to this decision,and Mr.Ahkbar is worried that there will be trouble.What would you advise Mr.Ahkbar to do to decrease hostility and better integrate the female students into the school?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mr.Ahkbar is the principal of a military...

Question 15

Given what you know about the role of gender in creating ingroup/outgroup biases,you could predict that the largest number of close friendship groups would be found in:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that females tend to form closer and more intimate friendship groups compared to males, so all-female dormitories are likely to have the largest number of close friendship groups.

Question 16

Naomi was raised by her parents as a vegetarian her entire childhood.When she gets to college she finds that all of the new friends she spends most of her time with eat meat.After her first year with these new friends,Naomi finds herself starting to eat meat as well.Naomi's situation demonstrates the effect of _____ on attitudes.

Accepted Answer

Naomi's change in attitude towards eating meat can be attributed to the influence of her new social circle and the process of socialization. As she spends more time around people who eat meat and develops new relationships with them, she becomes more likely to adopt their attitudes and behaviors. This is a common example of how socialization can shape our attitudes and beliefs.

Question 17

When the U.S.military was integrated,many people expected it to be a disaster.In fact,integration of the military was hugely successful.In terms of social psychology,a major reason for this success was most likely that black soldiers and white soldiers:

Accepted Answer

Cooperating on important common goals can reduce prejudice and improve relations between groups, as it fosters interdependence and teamwork.

Question 18

Nadine does not really know Marcus,but she would like to.Research on friendship formation suggests that her best strategy might be to:

Accepted Answer

Frequent accidental encounters increase familiarity and can lead to more opportunities for interaction, which is a key factor in forming friendships.

Question 19

Intelligence analysts whose job is to predict the behavior of people and groups in other countries need to be aware of their tendency toward:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Intelligence analysts whose job is to predict...

Question 20

To create hostility and prejudice between two groups of boys for his study,Sherif:

Accepted Answer

Sherif had the groups compete with each other to create hostility and prejudice between the two groups of boys for his study.

Quiz 12: Social Psychology

One brain scan study showed that in white participants,the threat-detecting amygdala is activated _ on exposure to pictures of black faces,producing immediate negative responses; whereas frontal lobe activity indicating cognitive judgments activated more _.