Question 1

Which of the following statements is NOT a view that evolutionary psychologists would hold about human personality?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists would not typically believe that human personality is only based on free will. Instead, they view personality as being shaped by both biological and environmental factors.

Question 2

According to research on physiological arousal and personality,which brain structure has been associated with inhibiting behavior?

Accepted Answer

The amygdala has been linked to the regulation of emotions and the inhibition of behavior. Specifically, research has shown that the amygdala plays a role in fear conditioning and the suppression of actions that may lead to negative consequences.

Question 3

People who are very _____ may seek out so much environmental stimulation that they get into trouble.People who are very _____ may be so overstimulated by their environments that they feel chronically overwhelmed and uncomfortable.Which brain structure is responsible for consistent differences in understimulation or overstimulation in personality?

Accepted Answer

Extraverted individuals seek more stimulation due to lower baseline arousal, while introverted individuals may feel overwhelmed due to higher baseline arousal. The ascending reticular activating system is involved in regulating arousal and consciousness, influencing these personality traits.

Question 4

The BAS _____ behavior,whereas the BIS _____ behavior.

Accepted Answer

The BAS (Behavioral Activation System) activates behavior, whereas the BIS (Behavioral Inhibition System) inhibits behavior.

Question 5

How is age related to the stability of personality?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that there is some stability in personality traits at any age, but particularly after age 50. This is likely due to a combination of factors such as increased self-awareness, solidification of identity, and decreased openness to new experiences as individuals age.

Question 6

Personality traits:

Accepted Answer

Personality traits are generally considered to be relatively stable and consistent over time, although they may be influenced or shaped by certain experiences, environmental factors, and life events. While some changes may occur, particularly in response to major life transitions or developmental stages, the overall stability of personality traits is supported by research. Therefore, option A is the best choice. B and C are incorrect because personality traits are not expected to change significantly from decade to decade or season to season.

Question 7

In extraverts,the _____ is more active.In introverts,the _____ is more active.

Accepted Answer

The Behavioral Activation System (BAS) regulates approach behavior in response to rewards, and extraverts tend to have a more active BAS compared to introverts. On the other hand, the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) regulates avoidance behavior in response to potential punishment or threats, and introverts tend to have a more active BIS compared to extraverts. Therefore, the correct answer is B) BAS; BIS.

Question 8

For Eysenck,the important difference between extraverts and introverts is that:

Accepted Answer

According to Eysenck, extraverts seek arousal and are more likely to participate in activities that increase their level of stimulation, while introverts prefer quieter, less stimulating environments. This is known as the arousal theory of personality.

Question 9

In Gray's model,the BAS responds to _____,whereas the BIS responds to _____.

Accepted Answer

Gray's Behavioral Activation System (BAS) responds to rewards and positive stimuli, while his Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) responds to punishments and negative stimuli. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it accurately describes the differential responses of the BAS and BIS. Choice A, C, and D all describe a particular type of stimulus, but they do not accurately distinguish between the BAS and BIS.

Question 10

Katya prefers to be in calm and quiet environments.She feels nervous and exhausted when she is in loud places with noisy people.In fact,she admits she would rather spend almost all her time alone.In Katya,the _____ is more active than the _____.

Accepted Answer

The Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) is responsible for detecting and responding to potential threats or punishment, causing an individual to avoid or withdraw from situations that may lead to negative consequences, such as loud and noisy environments. The Behavioral Activation System (BAS) is associated with pursuing rewards or pleasurable experiences, which is not the case for Katya. Therefore, A is the best choice. The Reticular Formation is not directly linked to the regulation of behavior and emotions, so neither C nor D is a fitting option.

Question 11

According to Gray's model of personality,extraverts are likely to _____ new situations and people and introverts are likely to _____ new situations and people.

Accepted Answer

According to Gray's model of personality, extraverts have a behavioral inhibition system that is less reactive and therefore they are more likely to approach new situations and people whereas introverts have a more reactive behavioral inhibition system which makes them more likely to avoid new situations and people.

Question 12

Some evolutionary psychologists,such as David Buss,believe that:

Accepted Answer

David Buss and other evolutionary psychologists have proposed that the five-factor theory of personality may describe the personality traits that are important in mate selection. They argue that certain traits, such as agreeableness and conscientiousness, may have evolved as adaptive mechanisms for successful reproduction and survival. This perspective is known as evolutionary psychology and suggests that personality traits are shaped by natural selection.

Question 13

In terms of arousabililty,_____ are more arousable and have a more active _____ system.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that introverts are more arousable and have a more active behavioral inhibition system. This means that they are more sensitive to stimuli in their environment and may be more easily overwhelmed. Extraverts, on the other hand, have a more active behavioral approach system, which makes them more likely to seek out and enjoy rewarding or exciting experiences.

Question 14

If,by a strange accident of fate,people born in the next decade did not have full use of their frontal lobes,what kind of personality trait would become increasingly common?

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobes are responsible for executive functions such as impulse control, planning, decision making, and inhibition. If people did not have full use of their frontal lobes, they would be more likely to engage in impulsive sensation seeking behaviors and have difficulty controlling their impulses.

Question 15

Imagine that Eysenck has classified one of your roommates as an extravert and the other as an introvert.When you come into the room,you slam the door very loudly,surprising them both.Who would show more physiological arousal to this event?

Accepted Answer

According to Eysenck's theory, introverts have higher baseline levels of physiological arousal than extraverts, so they would show more arousal to a sudden loud noise.

Question 16

Janeesa is 7 years old,Tyree is 15 years old,Evelyn is 30 years old,and LaShonda is 50 years old.Which person will tend to show a highly stable personality if measured today and again after 1 year?

Accepted Answer

Personality tends to become more stable with age. LaShonda, being the oldest at 50, is likely to have a more stable personality over a one-year period compared to the younger individuals.

Question 17

Yaakov can be easily bored,so he seeks out situations that increase his excitement and arousal.He prefers "thrilling" activities to calm and safe ones.According to research presented in your textbook,a gene related to _____ regulation may be responsible for these tendencies.

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, reward, and motivation. Its regulation has been linked to sensation-seeking behavior, which includes a preference for exciting and risky activities over safe and calm ones. Studies have suggested that a gene mutation related to dopamine regulation may be responsible for individual differences in sensation-seeking behavior.

Question 18

Charles is a 75-year-old male.His family has recently told him that he has changed as he has aged.If Charles is typical of aging people,which of these changes in Charles's personality is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that as individuals age, they tend to become more agreeable and less neurotic. There is little evidence to suggest that aging affects extraversion or conscientiousness. Therefore, it is most likely that Charles has become more agreeable with age.

Question 19

According to the biological theory of personality the _____ is the "go" system,whereas the _____ is the "stop" system.

Accepted Answer

The biological theory of personality proposes that there are two systems that control behavior: the behavioral approach system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS). The BAS is responsible for initiating behavior in response to rewards or positive stimuli, while the BIS inhibits behavior in response to punishment or negative stimuli. Therefore, choice A correctly identifies the BAS as the "go" system and the BIS as the "stop" system.

Question 20

Todd is a very conscientious person,Jane is a very extraverted person,and Tyrone is a very agreeable person.In terms of human evolution,which of these people have a personality trait that is highly adaptive?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Todd is a very conscientious person,Jane is...

Quiz 13: Personality

Which of the following statements is NOT a view that evolutionary psychologists would hold about human personality?

According to research on physiological arousal and personality,which brain structure has been associated with inhibiting behavior?

The BAS _ behavior,whereas the BIS _ behavior.

How is age related to the stability of personality?

Personality traits:

In extraverts,the _ is more active.In introverts,the _ is more active.

For Eysenck,the important difference between extraverts and introverts is that:

In Gray's model,the BAS responds to _,whereas the BIS responds to _.

Katya prefers to be in calm and quiet environments.She feels nervous and exhausted when she is in loud places with noisy people.In fact,she admits she would rather spend almost all her time alone.In Katya,the _ is more active than the _.

According to Gray's model of personality,extraverts are likely to _ new situations and people and introverts are likely to _ new situations and people.