Question 1

Vestibule training combines the benefits of on- and off-the-job training with reduced costs and increased safety.

Accepted Answer

With vestibule training, trainees learn on the actual or simulated equipment they will use on the job but receive their training off the job. Such training is necessary when it is too costly or dangerous to train employees on the job.

Question 2

Evidence suggests that Web-based instruction is significantly more effective than classroom instruction for teaching information about how to perform a job-related task.

Accepted Answer

In one review of the evidence, Web-based instruction was a bit more effective than classroom instruction for teaching memory of facts and principles, and Web-based instruction and classroom instruction were equally effective for teaching information about how to perform a task or action.

Question 3

Lifelong learning programs focus primarily on helping employees acquire post-graduate degrees in highly technical fields of study.

Accepted Answer

Lifelong learning programs range from basic remedial skills to advanced decision-making techniques. Programs may include training in such things as English as a second language; basic literacy, arithmetic, and computer literacy; in-house college course work; and job-related training sessions.

Question 4

Sensitivity training seeks to increase participants' insight into their own behavior and the behavior of others by encouraging an open expression of feelings in a trainer guided t-group.

Accepted Answer

Sensitivity, laboratory, or t-group (the t is for "training") training's basic aim is to increase the participant's insight into his or her own behavior by encouraging an open expression of feelings in the trainer-guided t-group. Typically, 10 to 15 people meet, usually away from the job, with no specific agenda. Instead, the focus is on the feelings and emotions of the members in the group at the meeting.

Question 5

The case study method is an on-the-job management development technique that presents a manager with a written description of an organizational problem that needs to be diagnosed and solved.

Accepted Answer

The case study method is an off-the-job management training technique that presents a manager trainee with a written description of an organizational problem. The trainee analyzes the case, diagnoses the problem, and presents his or her findings and solutions in a discussion with other trainees.

Question 6

Management games are considered an effective training tool because trainees are actively involved, and the activities help trainees focus on planning and solving problems.

Accepted Answer

Management games are effective. People learn best by being involved, and games provide such involvement. They also help trainees develop their problem-solving skills, and to focus attention on planning rather than just putting out fires.

Question 7

What is management development? What is organizational development? What methods are used for each?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Lewin's change process consists of unfreezing, moving, and refreezing.

Accepted Answer

Psychologist Kurt Lewin formulated a model of change to summarize what he believed was the basic process for implementing a change with minimal resistance. Lewin's process consists of unfreezing, moving, and refreezing.

Question 9

What is on-the-job training? What types of on-the-job training methods are most frequently used by employers? Why?

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Functional illiteracy was once a serious issue in the workforce, but improvements in educational testing have virtually eliminated the problem.

Accepted Answer

Functional illiteracy, which is the inability to handle basic reading, writing, and arithmetic, is a serious problem at work. By one estimate, about 39 million people in the United States have a learning disability that makes it challenging to read, write, or do arithmetic.

Question 11

With a controlled experiment, it is possible for researchers to assess the extent to which any change in performance in the training group resulted from the training program or from organization-wide changes.

Accepted Answer

Controlled experimentation is the typical method for evaluating training programs. Data are obtained both before and after the training effort in the group exposed to training, and before and after a corresponding work period in the control group. It is thus possible to determine the extent to which any change in performance in the training group resulted from the training itself rather than from some organization-wide change such as a raise in pay; we assume that the latter would have equally affected employees in both groups

Question 12

Management development is a special approach to organizational change in which the employees themselves formulate the change that is required and implement it.

Accepted Answer

Management development is any attempt to improve managerial performance by imparting knowledge, changing attitudes, or increasing skills. It is initiated and developed by upper-level management rather than the employees themselves.

Question 13

During the refreezing stage of Lewin's change process, managers are likely to use new appraisal systems and incentives as a way to reinforce desired behaviors.

Accepted Answer

During the refreezing stage, managers reinforce the new ways of doing things with changes to the company's systems and procedures. This is done by using new appraisal systems and incentives to reinforce the desired behaviors.

Question 14

In a brief essay, discuss the theory behind Kurt Lewin's model of change. According to Lewin, what is the process that should be followed to implement organizational change?

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

What are the main steps involved in the training process? What are two methods used to assess employee training needs?

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Apprenticeship training is a step-by-step, self-learning method which uses a textbook, computer, or the Internet.

Accepted Answer

Apprenticeship training is a process by which people become skilled workers, usually through a combination of formal learning and long-term on-the-job training. It typically involves the trainee working under the guidance of an expert rather than on his or her own.

Question 17

Providing learning content on demand through cell phones and laptops is known as mobile learning.

Accepted Answer

Mobile learning (or "on-demand learning") means delivering learning content on demand via mobile devices like cell phones, laptops, and iPhones, wherever and whenever the learner has the time and desire to access it.

Question 18

Since the ability to work with a team is a natural skill, few firms provide teamwork training programs to employees.

Accepted Answer

Teamwork does not come naturally for many people, so firms often provide training programs to improve teamwork.

Question 19

What are the desired results of a successful employee orientation program?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

According to Lewin's change process, unfreezing involves developing new behaviors, values, and attitudes through organizational development methods such as team building.

Accepted Answer

Unfreezing means reducing the forces that are striving to maintain the status quo, usually by presenting a provocative problem or event to get people to recognize the need for change and to search for new solutions. Moving means developing new behaviors, values, and attitudes. The manager may accomplish this through organizational development techniques.

Quiz 7: Training and Developing Employees