In response to threats from such companies as AOL,Amazon.com,Yahoo!,eBay,E*TRADE,and dozens of others,established manufacturers and retailers became "brick-and-click" oriented by adding online services to their existing offerings.This process became known as ________.

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Reintermediation refers to the process of adding intermediaries back into a supply chain that had previously been removed through disintermediation (cutting out the middleman). In this case, established manufacturers and retailers added online services as intermediaries, becoming "brick-and-click" oriented.

In Response to Threats from Such Companies as AOL,Amazon