Question 1

Gardner's _________ and __________ intelligences include a set of capacities for dealing with people and understanding oneself that has become known as emotional intelligence.
A) linguistic; musical
B) spatial; bodily-kinesthetic
C) interpersonal; intrapersonal
D) interpersonal; social

Accepted Answer

Gardner's interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences refer to the capacities for dealing with people and understanding oneself, respectively. These two intelligences have been linked to emotional intelligence, which involves the ability to understand and manage emotions in oneself and others. Therefore, option C is the best choice. Option A refers to linguistic and musical intelligences, which are not directly related to emotional intelligence. Option B refers to spatial and bodily-kinesthetic intelligences, which are more related to physical abilities than emotional intelligence. Option D is also a tempting choice, as interpersonal intelligence is included, but social intelligence is not typically considered the same as emotional intelligence.

Question 2

Which of the following is true about the IQ scores of American children?
A) American white children score, on average, four to eight IQ points below American black children.
B) Although the difference in IQ scores has been shrinking over the past several decades, a substantial gap remains.
C) Over the past several decades, the difference in IQ scores between American white children and American black children has grown.
D) American black children fall midway between white and Hispanic children in average IQ score.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that although the IQ gap between American black and white children has been shrinking over the past several decades, a substantial gap still remains. However, it is not true that American white children score lower than black children on average (A) or that the gap has grown (C). Additionally, there is no mention of the IQ scores of Hispanic children in the given statement (D).

Question 3

Howard Gardner proposes at least ________ independent intelligences.
A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner proposes eight independent intelligences, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.

Question 4

The most powerful evidence on the role of heredity in IQ involves
A) adoption studies.
B) DNA testing.
C) twin comparisons.
D) nontwin comparisons.

Accepted Answer

Twin comparisons, especially studies involving identical twins reared apart, provide strong evidence for the genetic component of IQ, as they allow researchers to separate the effects of heredity and environment.

Question 5

Research on African-American children adopted into middle-SES white homes during the first year of life shows that
A) these children score similarly in IQ to children who remain in low-SES homes.
B) poverty depresses the intelligence of ethnic minority children.
C) genetic factors have a powerful impact on African-American children's IQs.
D) environmental factors have little impact on African-American children's IQs.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that poverty can have a negative impact on the intelligence of ethnic minority children, and being adopted into middle-SES homes can improve their IQ scores compared to those who remain in low-SES environments.

Question 6

Hershel, an African American, has heard that his test administrator believes negative stereotypes about African-American learners. He becomes anxious and distracted, which results in a lower test score. Hershel's fear is an example of
A) stereotype threat.
B) disengagement.
C) dynamic assessment.
D) test bias.

Accepted Answer

Hershel's fear of being negatively stereotyped and the resulting lower test score is an example of stereotype threat. Stereotype threat refers to the anxiety or fear experienced by individuals when they are in a situation where they believe they may be judged or evaluated based on negative stereotypes about their group. This can lead to distraction, anxiety, and lower performance on tasks.

Question 7

Adoption studies consistently reveal that
A) about three-quarters of the differences in IQ among children can be traced to their genetic makeup.
B) when young children are adopted into stimulating homes, their IQs rise substantially.
C) adopted children from low-IQ biological mothers score below average on IQ tests during the school years.
D) adopted children score, on average, 15 to 20 points lower in IQ than their nonadopted agemates.

Accepted Answer

Adoption studies show that environmental factors, such as being raised in a stimulating home, can significantly impact a child's IQ, indicating the importance of nurture alongside nature.

Question 8

Over middle childhood, Reyandre, an African American, became increasingly conscious of ethnic stereotypes. By early adolescence, she stopped caring about her grades and said that school was not important to her. Reyandre's attitude is an example of
A) stereotype threat.
B) disengagement.
C) dynamic assessment.
D) an educational bias.

Accepted Answer

Reyandre's disinterest in school after becoming more aware of ethnic stereotypes suggests disengagement, a phenomenon where individuals feel that they are not valued or belong in their academic setting. This can often lead to a lack of motivation and apathy towards school performance. Stereotype threat refers to the anxiety and self-doubt that can arise from being in situations where one's group is negatively stereotyped, and dynamic assessment involves assessing a child's potential for learning and discussing strategies for improvement. An educational bias would refer to discriminatory practices in the educational system, which is not evident from the given scenario.

Question 9

Children's exposure to ___________has a profound impact on IQ test performance.
A) a collaborative communication style
B) high-stakes testing
C) classroom learning
D) digital media

Accepted Answer

Classroom learning provides structured educational experiences that can significantly influence a child's cognitive development and performance on IQ tests.

Question 10

Mrs. Noneman directs her children to each carry out an aspect of a task. Each child is expected to work independently. Mrs. Noneman prefers a(n) _______________ style of communication.
A) collaborative
B) hierarchical
C) abstract
D) authoritarian

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mrs. Noneman directs her children to each...

Question 11

In school-age children, adolescents, and adults, ________ intelligence is positively associated with self-esteem, leadership skills, and life satisfaction, and negatively related to depression and aggressive behavior.
A) spatial
B) emotional
C) analytical
D) bodily-kinesthetic

Accepted Answer

The passage specifically mentions "emotional intelligence" as being positively associated with self-esteem, leadership skills, and life satisfaction, and negatively related to depression and aggressive behavior. None of the other types of intelligence listed in the answer choices have this exact association.

Question 12

Javier's father works together with him in a coordinated, fluid way. Each focuses on the same aspect of a problem. Javier's father prefers a(n) ______________ style of communication.
A) collaborative
B) hierarchical
C) abstract
D) authoritarian

Accepted Answer

The fact that Javier's father works together with him in a coordinated, fluid way indicates a collaborative style of communication. This means that both individuals work together towards a common goal and focus on the same aspect of the problem. Hierarchical and authoritarian styles of communication are more focused on a power dynamic, with one person holding more authority and control over the other. An abstract style of communication may be more focused on theoretical or conceptual ideas rather than practical problem-solving.

Question 13

Mr. Klakkit provides his fourth-graders with lessons that emphasize respect and caring for others and resistance to unfavorable peer pressure. Mr. Klakkit is trying to improve his students' _________ intelligence.
A) spatial
B) intrapersonal
C) emotional
D) linguistic

Accepted Answer

Mr. Klakkit's lessons are targeted towards improving his students' emotional intelligence by teaching them about empathy, respect, and resisting negative peer pressure. Emotional intelligence involves the ability to recognize emotions in oneself and others, and to use this understanding to guide behavior and relationships.

Question 14

The IQ gap between middle-SES and low-SES American children is about _____ points.
A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 12

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the average IQ score of children from low-SES backgrounds is about 9 points lower than their middle-SES counterparts.

Question 15

Nyse has the ability to discriminate complex inner feelings and to use them to guide her own behavior. According to Gardner, Nyse has a strong __________ intelligence.
A) intrapersonal
B) interpersonal
C) naturalist
D) bodily-kinesthetic

Accepted Answer

Intrapersonal intelligence involves self-reflection, introspection, and an understanding of one's own emotions, motivations, and inner states. Nyse's ability to discriminate complex inner feelings and use them to guide her behavior suggests a strong intrapersonal intelligence.

Question 16

Kyle recognizes and classifies all varieties of animals and plants. According to Gardner, Kyle excels in _____________ intelligence.
A) spatial
B) naturalist
C) linguistic
D) logico-mathematical

Accepted Answer

Kyle's ability to recognize and classify animals and plants falls under naturalist intelligence, which involves the ability to understand and categorize the natural world.

Question 17

African-American parents' communication style with their children emphasizes ________ over _________.
A) facts; emotional and social concerns
B) quick-witted jokes; serious conversation
C) emotional and social concerns; facts about the world
D) facts; problem solving

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that African-American parents often emphasize emotional and social concerns in their communication with their children more than facts about the world. This is because they believe that building strong relationships and addressing emotional needs are important for their children's well-being and success. However, this does not mean that they do not value problem-solving or factual information, but rather that they approach communication with a focus on emotional connection.

Question 18

Rosanna scores highly in Gardner's spatial intelligence. Based on these test results, which of the following occupations might Rosanna be best suited for?
A) writer
B) engineer
C) sculptor
D) biologist

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rosanna scores highly in Gardner's spatial intelligence....

Question 19

Thad is sensitive to the sounds, rhythms, and meaning of words. According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, Thad should consider which of the following careers?
A) therapist
B) navigator
C) composer
D) journalist

Accepted Answer

Thad's sensitivity to sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words aligns with linguistic intelligence, which is suited for careers like journalism.

Question 20

Arthur Jensen's "How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement?" claims that ________ is largely responsible for individual, ethnic, and SES variations in intelligence.
A) heredity
B) educational opportunity
C) child rearing
D) culture

Accepted Answer

Arthur Jensen's argument is that heredity has a significant impact on individual, ethnic, and socioeconomic status (SES) differences in intelligence. While he does acknowledge that environmental factors such as education and upbringing can also play a role, he argues that genetics is the primary contributor to these variations.

Quiz 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Gardner's _ and __ intelligences include a set of capacities for dealing with people and understanding oneself that has become known as emotional intelligence.

Which of the following is true about the IQ scores of American children?

Howard Gardner proposes at least ________ independent intelligences.

The most powerful evidence on the role of heredity in IQ involves

Research on African-American children adopted into middle-SES white homes during the first year of life shows that

Hershel, an African American, has heard that his test administrator believes negative stereotypes about African-American learners. He becomes anxious and distracted, which results in a lower test score. Hershel's fear is an example of

Adoption studies consistently reveal that

Over middle childhood, Reyandre, an African American, became increasingly conscious of ethnic stereotypes. By early adolescence, she stopped caring about her grades and said that school was not important to her. Reyandre's attitude is an example of

Children's exposure to ___________has a profound impact on IQ test performance.

Mrs. Noneman directs her children to each carry out an aspect of a task. Each child is expected to work independently. Mrs. Noneman prefers a(n) _______________ style of communication.

In school-age children, adolescents, and adults, ________ intelligence is positively associated with self-esteem, leadership skills, and life satisfaction, and negatively related to depression and aggressive behavior.

Javier's father works together with him in a coordinated, fluid way. Each focuses on the same aspect of a problem. Javier's father prefers a(n) ______________ style of communication.

Mr. Klakkit provides his fourth-graders with lessons that emphasize respect and caring for others and resistance to unfavorable peer pressure. Mr. Klakkit is trying to improve his students' _________ intelligence.

The IQ gap between middle-SES and low-SES American children is about _____ points.

Nyse has the ability to discriminate complex inner feelings and to use them to guide her own behavior. According to Gardner, Nyse has a strong __________ intelligence.

Kyle recognizes and classifies all varieties of animals and plants. According to Gardner, Kyle excels in _____________ intelligence.

African-American parents' communication style with their children emphasizes over _.

Rosanna scores highly in Gardner's spatial intelligence. Based on these test results, which of the following occupations might Rosanna be best suited for?

Thad is sensitive to the sounds, rhythms, and meaning of words. According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, Thad should consider which of the following careers?

Arthur Jensen's "How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement?" claims that ________ is largely responsible for individual, ethnic, and SES variations in intelligence.