Question 1

"No matter how hard I try, I will be held back." This statement is a reflection of the_____
A) high-effort syndrome
B) formal and mathematical reasoning
C) search for social justice
D) classification and sorting
E) low-effort syndrome

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects a belief or attitude associated with the "low-effort syndrome," where an individual may feel that no matter the effort they put in, external barriers or circumstances will prevent them from succeeding. This can lead to reduced motivation or effort in tasks or goals.

Question 2

Creativity is typically defined as the process of bringing into being something that is both novel and useful. Specifically, the creative cognition approach identifies two kinds of cognitive processes implicated in creative thinking:
A) summarizing and exemplifying
B) processes of connection and destruction
C) emotional processes and rational processes
D) understanding and misunderstanding
E) generative processes and exploratory processes

Accepted Answer

The two kinds of cognitive processes implicated in creative thinking according to the creative cognition approach are generative processes (such as brainstorming, idea generation, and divergent thinking) and exploratory processes (such as testing, refining, and evaluating ideas). Together, these two processes allow for the creation of novel and useful ideas. Therefore, the best choice is E.

Question 3

American children commonly outperform children from other countries in disciplines such as _________
A) history
B) international relations
C) civics
D) cross-cultural psychology
E) physical education

Accepted Answer

American children commonly outperform children from other countries in the discipline of civics.

Question 4

Across the globe, people tend to see high intellectual skills as…
A) a person's liability
B) he ones that are impossible to archive
C) a person's asset
D) a myth
E) as a source of nationalism

Accepted Answer

People tend to see high intellectual skills as a person's asset, as it is something that can bring success and value in various areas of life such as education, career, and personal growth.

Question 5

Research demonstrates that high intelligence scores are positively correlated with socioeconomic status.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals with higher socioeconomic status tend to have greater access to resources and opportunities that contribute to cognitive development and achievement, which in turn can lead to higher intelligence scores.

Question 6

Investigators have observed a small but continuous decline in intelligence test performance across cultures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Investigators have observed a small but continuous...

Question 7

Cultural groups tend to categorize objects in terms of their specific cultural experiences associated with these objects.

Accepted Answer

Cultural groups tend to view objects through the lens of their own cultural experiences and may categorize them accordingly. For example, a food item may be considered a delicacy in one culture but unappetizing in another. Similarly, clothing styles, music preferences, and religious symbols can also be categorized based on cultural experiences and meanings.

Question 8

In 1981, the United States' National Academy of Sciences published the results of the first national study on intelligence (the study involved various immigrant groups).

Accepted Answer

The National Academy of Sciences did not publish the results of a study on intelligence involving various immigrant groups in 1981; such a specific study as described does not align with the historical record of their publications or research focus areas for that time.

Question 9

While individuals with ancestral roots in East Asian countries score higher than whites (in the United States) on nonverbal measures of intelligence tests, they score equal to or lower than whites on measures of verbal intelligence.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. While East Asians tend to score higher on nonverbal measures of intelligence, such as spatial reasoning, they generally score equal to or lower than whites on measures of verbal intelligence, such as vocabulary and reading comprehension. However, it's important to note that these differences are relatively small and individual performance on intelligence tests can vary widely regardless of race or ethnicity.

Question 10

While boys were more likely than girls to score in the top 5 percent on science and math tests, they were also more likely to score near the bottom of the scale on tests of reading comprehension, memory and perceptual speed.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true.

Question 11

In general, people in Western countries generally score lower on intelligence tests than members of traditional societies.

Accepted Answer

There is no reliable evidence to support the claim that people in Western countries generally score lower on intelligence tests than members of traditional societies. Intelligence is a complex and multifaceted construct that cannot be easily compared across cultures, and there are many factors beyond culture that can affect performance on intelligence tests. Furthermore, it is important to recognize that traditional societies themselves are not homogeneous or monolithic, and there is great diversity within and across such societies.

Question 12

Studies show no correlation between people's total years of education and IQ scores.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have found a positive correlation between people's total years of education and their IQ scores, indicating that, on average, more years of education are associated with higher IQ scores. This relationship is thought to reflect both the impact of education on cognitive development and the influence of cognitive ability on educational attainment.

Question 13

Since the 1970s, a continuing increase in IQ scores in the African-American population is correlated with the increasingly smaller family size.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there has been a steady increase in IQ scores among African Americans since the 1970s, and this increase has been correlated with a decrease in family size. This correlation suggests that factors such as increased access to education and improved economic opportunities, which may allow individuals to have smaller families, may be contributing to improvements in cognitive abilities.

Question 14

In the United States, the differences in IQ scores between ethnic and socioeconomic groups have decreased and keep decreasing.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the IQ gap between different ethnic and socioeconomic groups has been decreasing over time. However, there still exists some disparity in certain communities.

Question 15

Studies of Korean and Vietnamese children adopted into White homes in the United States show that they tend to grow to have IQs 10 or more points higher than their adoptive national norms.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that transracially adopted Korean and Vietnamese children tend to have IQs that are 10 or more points higher than their adoptive national norms.

Question 16

In India, members of the higher castes obtain lower mean scores and examination marks than do those of the lower castes.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. In India, members of the lower castes historically faced discrimination and fewer opportunities for education, leading to lower mean scores and exam marks. Members of the higher castes generally have better access to education and resources, leading to higher scores and marks. However, there have been efforts to provide equal opportunities and mitigate the effects of caste-based discrimination in education.

Question 17

A 40-year study showed that students from lower-income families making $37,000 or less are less likely to be proficient in both math and reading.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true, based on the information given.

Question 18

Black and White students in the United States tend to evaluate praise in a similar way.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that Black and White students in the United States may interpret praise differently due to cultural, social, and historical contexts. For example, Black students might be more skeptical of praise from White teachers, questioning its sincerity or the motives behind it, while White students might take it at face value more often.

Question 19

Cognitive tests results are not necessarily and always produce negative reaction among disadvantaged groups. Tests also can help individuals make decisions related to their performance that lead to success outcomes.

Accepted Answer

While there may be concerns about biases in cognitive tests and how they are used, it is important to recognize that they can also have positive effects for individuals by providing information for decision-making and identifying areas for improvement. This is particularly relevant for disadvantaged groups who may not have had access to such resources and tools before.

Question 20

Formal reasoning is the term for cognitive operations based on abstract analysis. You want to examine reasoning based on cognitive operations drawn from everyday activities. What is the term for this type of reasoning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Formal reasoning is the term for cognitive...

Quiz 5: Intelligence

"No matter how hard I try, I will be held back." This statement is a reflection of the_____

Creativity is typically defined as the process of bringing into being something that is both novel and useful. Specifically, the creative cognition approach identifies two kinds of cognitive processes implicated in creative thinking:

American children commonly outperform children from other countries in disciplines such as _________

Across the globe, people tend to see high intellectual skills as…